Coumarin-modified epoxy adhesives
Coumarin modification of epoxies provide for epoxy adhesives that fluoresce under short wave ultraviolet irradiation while remaining invisible under normal light. Furthermore, these modified epoxy adhesives can have increased adhesive bond strengths. In addition, photochemical curing of an epoxy modified coumarin and a hardening agent with UV irradiation at certain wavelengths affords an epoxy adhesive composition. Further UV irradiation of the composition at certain wavelengths causes photoscission, which breaks the crosslinks that make the cured epoxy adhesive insoluble and intractable.
1. A fluorescent epoxy composition, said composition comprising a reactive mixture of:
a. an epoxy resin;
b. a hardening agent; and
c. a fluorescent dye comprising an epoxide moiety, wherein the fluorescent dye is bonded to the hardening agent via reaction with the epoxide moiety;
whereupon cure of the reactive mixture to form a cured epoxy, the bonding of the fluorescent dye to the hardening agent increases a bond strength of the cured epoxy as compared to a cured epoxy without the fluorescent dye.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent dye comprises 7-glycidyloxycoumarin.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein a concentration of 7-glycidyloxycoumarin ranges from about 0.001 M-0.1 M.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a mole ratio of fluorescent dye to hardening agent to epoxy resin is about 10 −4 -10 −2 to 1 to 1.79-1.83.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent dye is covalently bonded to the hardening agent.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent dye causes the cured epoxy to fluoresce under shortwave ultraviolet irradiation.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is an adhesive composition and the bond strength is an adhesive bond strength.
8. A method of making a two-part fluorescent epoxy comprising:
a. providing an epoxy resin component; and
b. preparing a fluorescent hardener component by providing a fluorescent dye comprising an epoxide moiety, and dissolving the fluorescent dye in a curing agent to form the fluorescent hardening agent, wherein the fluorescent dye is bonded to the curing agent via reaction with the epoxide moiety;
whereupon cure of a reactive mixture of said epoxy resin component and said fluorescent hardener component, the cured fluorescent epoxy has an increased bond strength as compared to a cured epoxy without the fluorescent dye, wherein the cured fluorescent epoxy fluoresces under shortwave ultraviolet irradiation.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the fluorescent dye comprises 7-glycidyloxycoumarin.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein a concentration of 7-glycidyloxycoumarin ranges from about 0.001 M-0.1 M.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein a mole ratio of fluorescent dye to hardening agent to epoxy resin is about 10 −4 -10 −2 to 1 to 1.79-1.83.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the epoxy is an adhesive and the bond strength is an adhesive bond strength.
13. A method of producing a photochemically reworkable epoxy precursor, said method comprising:
a. providing a hardening agent;
b. providing one or more monomers of a modified coumarin comprising an epoxide moiety; and
c. mixing the hardening agent and the one or more monomers of the modified coumarin, wherein the hardening agent reacts with the one or more monomers of the modified coumarin such that the one or more monomers of the modified coumarin bonds to the hardening agent via the epoxide moiety, thereby forming the epoxy precursor;
wherein the epoxy precursor is curable upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation at a first range of wavelengths in which the epoxy precursor undergoes a crosslinking reaction to form a cured epoxy product,
wherein the cured epoxy product is reworkable upon further exposure to UV radiation at a second range of wavelengths in which the cured epoxy product undergoes a reversible photoscission to regenerate the epoxy precursor.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the modified coumarin comprises 7-glycidyloxycoumarin.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising adding a catalyst to the reaction of the hardening agent and the one or more monomers of the modified coumarin.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the epoxy precursor is in a form of a liquid.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first range of wavelengths is greater than about 300 nm.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second range of wavelengths of UV is less than about 300 nm.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the regenerated epoxy precursor is re-curable with UV irradiation at the first range of wavelengths, and wherein the re-formed cured epoxy product is reworkable with UV irradiation at the second range of wavelengths to regenerate the epoxy precursor.