Cathode, cathode-containing lithium ion battery in the state prior to the first charging process, method for forming a lithium ion battery, and lithium ion battery after formation
A cathode in a state prior to a first charging process is provided having an active cathode material and lithium peroxide. A lithium ion battery or an electrochemical cell includes the same cathode. A method is also provided for forming a lithium ion battery, and a lithium ion battery is provided which includes a cathode having an active cathode material, a separator, an anode having an active anode material, and an electrolyte, wherein after a formed cell is fully discharged, the active cathode material holds the same lithium content as before the formation process.
1. A process for forming a lithium ion battery, the process comprising the steps of:
providing a lithium ion battery comprising:
a cathode in a state prior to a first charging process or formation having an active cathode material and lithium peroxide, wherein an amount of the active cathode material is replaced with an amount of the lithium peroxide on installation such that the total weight per unit area of the cathode is lowered and wherein the amount of the lithium peroxide, based on the lithium content of the active cathode material, is from 1 to 60 mol %,
a separator,
an anode having an anode active material, and
an electrolyte; and
carrying out at least one first charging operation to the maximum operating voltage of the lithium ion battery with a decomposition of the lithium peroxide.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the active cathode material and the lithium peroxide have been mixed.
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the mixture further comprises a binder and an electrical conductivity additive.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the active cathode material is selected from the group consisting of: lithium-metal oxide, layered oxides, spinels, olivine compounds, silicate compounds, high energy lithium nickel cobalt manganese, and mixtures thereof.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the active anode material is selected from the group consisting of: carbon, graphite, mixtures of silicon and carbon, silicon, lithium-metal oxide, materials which are able to be alloyed with lithium, and mixtures thereof.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of lithium peroxide present can partially compensate for the formation loss of lithium ions.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of lithium peroxide present can completely compensate for the formation loss of lithium ions.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte contains at least one constituent which is decomposed during formation and contributes to buildup of an insoluble solid boundary protection layer on the anode.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein after discharging, the active cathode material holds the same lithium content as before formation.