Method for the manufacture of a plastic component, plastic component, and shoe
Described are methods for the manufacture of a plastic component, in particular a cushioning element for sports apparel, a plastic component manufactured with such a method, for example a sole or a part of a sole for a shoe, and a shoe with such a sole. According to an aspect of the invention, a method for the manufacture of a plastic component, in particular a cushioning element for sports apparel, is provided which includes loading a mold with a first material which includes particles of an expanded material, and, during loading the mold, pre-heating the particles by supplying energy, wherein the energy is supplied in the form of at least one electromagnetic field.
1. A method for manufacturing a plastic component, consisting of:
loading a mold via a feed line, wherein loading of the feed line consists of loading particles of an expanded material into the feed line and pre-heating the particles in the feed line to the mold or in a container prior to being loaded into the feed line by supplying energy in a form of at least one electromagnetic field;
and
molding the particles to form a plastic component;
wherein the particles comprise at least one of: expanded thermoplastic polyurethane, eTPU; expanded polyamide, ePA; expanded polyetherblockamide, ePEBA; polylactide, PLA;
polyether-block-amide, PEBA; polyethylene terephthalate, PET; polybutylene terephthalate, PBT; thermoplastic polyester ether elastomer, TPEE; polyether ketone, PEK; polyether ether ketone, PEEK; polyetherketoneketone, PEKK, polyethylene, PE, olefin co-block polymer, OBC; polyolefin elastomer, POE; polyethylene co-vinyl acetate, EVA; polybutylene, PB; polyisobutylene, PIB; polyoxymethylene, POM; polyvinylidene chloride, PVCD; polyvinyl alcohol, PVAL; polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE; polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF; tetrafluoroethylene, FEP; ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, ETFE; polyvinylfluoride, PVF; and perfluoroalkoxy, PFA.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the energy supplied by the at least one electromagnetic field is varied over time.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the energy supplied by the at least one electromagnetic field is gradually increased over time.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the molding comprises a step of fusing surfaces of the particles by supplying energy in a form of at least one electromagnetic field.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the form of the at least one electromagnetic field used for pre-heating the particles is different than the form of the at least one electromagnetic field used for fusing the surfaces of the particles.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the energy is supplied in a form of radiation in a microwave range, 300 MHz 300 GHz.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the energy is supplied by electromagnetic induction.
8. The method according to claim 4 , wherein more energy is supplied to the particles in a first partial region of the mold than in a second partial region of the mold.
9. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the energy for fusing surfaces of the particles is supplied to the particles in a first partial region of the mold with an electromagnetic field with a first frequency and in a second partial region of the mold with an electromagnetic field with a second frequency, wherein the second frequency is different from the first frequency.
10. The method according to claim 4 , wherein a ratio of an amount of energy absorbed by the particles of the expanded material to a total amount of energy absorbed by the particles of the expanded material and the mold lies in a range of 1.0-0.2.
11. A method for manufacturing a cushioning element for sports apparel, consisting of:
opening a mold by a predetermined amount into a loading position, wherein the mold comprises at least two mold parts and the predetermined amount by which the mold is opened influences an available loading volume of the mold;
loading the mold via a feed line, wherein the loading consists of feeding particles of an expanded material into the loading volume created by opening the mold;
closing the mold into a closed position; and
fusing surfaces of the particles by at least supplying energy in a form of at least one electromagnetic field;
wherein the particles comprise at least one of: expanded thermoplastic polyurethane, eTPU; expanded polyamide, ePA; expanded polyetherblockamide, ePEBA; polylactide, PLA; polyether-block-amide, PEBA; polyethylene terephthalate, PET; polybutylene terephthalate, PBT; thermoplastic polyester ether elastomer, TPEE; polyether ketone, PEK; polyether ether ketone, PEEK; polyetherketoneketone, PEKK, polyethylene, PE, olefin co-block polymer, OBC; polyolefin elastomer, POE; polyethylene co-vinyl acetate, EVA; polybutylene, PB; polyisobutylene, PIB; polyoxymethylene, POM; polyvinylidene chloride, PVCD; polyvinyl alcohol, PVAL; polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE; polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF; tetrafluoroethylene, FEP; ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, ETFE; polyvinylfluoride, PVF; and perfluoroalkoxy, PFA.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein in the loading position of the mold, the at least two mold parts are in different areas of the mold spaced apart at varying distances compared to the closed position of the mold, so that during the step of closing the mold, the at least two mold parts are moved together over different distances in the different areas.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein during the step of closing the mold, the particles are differently compressed in the different areas of the mold.
14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the predetermined amount by which the mold is opened influences mechanical properties of the cushioning element.
15. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the cushioning element is a shoe sole or part of a shoe sole.
16. A method for manufacturing a plastic component, consisting of:
loading a mold via a first feed line, wherein the loading of the feed line consists of loading particles of an expanded material into the feed line and pre-heating the particles in the feed line to the mold or in a container prior to being loaded into the feed line by supplying energy in a form of at least one electromagnetic field;
loading the mold via at one or more additional feed lines with an additional material, wherein the additional material remains substantially unaltered by the at least one electromagnetic field; and
molding the particles to form a plastic component;
wherein the particles comprise at least one of: expanded thermoplastic polyurethane, eTPU; expanded polyamide, ePA; expanded polyetherblockamide, ePEBA; polylactide, PLA; polyether-block-amide, PEBA; polyethylene terephthalate, PET; polybutylene terephthalate, PBT; thermoplastic polyester ether elastomer, TPEE; polyether ketone, PEK; polyether ether ketone, PEEK; polyetherketoneketone, PEKK, polyethylene, PE, olefin co-block polymer, OBC; polyolefin elastomer, POE; polyethylene co-vinyl acetate, EVA; polybutylene, PB; polyisobutylene, PIB; polyoxymethylene, POM; polyvinylidene chloride, PVCD; polyvinyl alcohol, PVAL; polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE; polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF; tetrafluoroethylene, FEP; ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, ETFE; polyvinylfluoride, PVF; and perfluoroalkoxy, PFA.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the additional material comprises a foamed material.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the additional material comprises an unfoamed material.
19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the additional material comprises rubber.
20. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the additional material and the expanded material are positioned in layers.