Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to bladders that incorporate a multi-layer optical film that impart a structural color to the bladder. The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the bladders having a multi-layer optical film, and methods for making articles and bladders having a multi-layer optical film.
1. An inflated bladder for use in an article of footwear, the inflated bladder comprising:
a bladder wall having an interior-facing side and an exterior-facing side, wherein the interior-facing side defines at least a portion of an interior region of the inflated bladder; and
a multi-layer optical film having a first side and a second opposing side, wherein the first side of the multi-layer optical film is operably disposed on the exterior-facing side of the bladder wall, and wherein the multi-layer optical film imparts a structural color having at least one hue to the bladder wall;
wherein the multi-layer optical film comprises:
a first layer compositionally comprising a non-oxide metal; and
a second layer disposed on the first layer and compositionally comprising a first metal oxide; and
wherein the multi-layer optical film is a multi-layer reflector or a multi-layer filter comprising at least two adjacent layers having different refractive indices and at least one of the layers of the multi-layer reflector has a thickness that is about one-fourth of the wavelength of the visible light to be reflected by the multi-layer optical film to produce the structural color.
2. The inflated bladder of claim 1 , wherein the bladder wall exhibits a gas transmission rate of 15 cm 3 /m 2 ·atm·day or less.
3. The inflated bladder of claim 1 , wherein the bladder wall further comprises alternating first and second polymeric layers, wherein the first polymeric layers each comprise one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes, and wherein the second polymeric layers each comprise one or more thermoplastic ethylene-vinyl alcohol polymers.
4. The inflated bladder of claim 1 , wherein the bladder wall comprises one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes.
5. The inflated bladder of claim 1 , and further comprising a third layer compositionally comprising a second metal oxide that is different from the first metal oxide.
6. The inflated bladder of claim 1 , further comprising a primer layer disposed on the exterior-facing side of the bladder wall, and wherein the first side of the multi-layer optical film is disposed on the primer layer.
7. The article of claim 6 , wherein the primer layer has a thickness ranging from about 10 to about 100 micrometers.
8. The inflated bladder of claim 1 , wherein the bladder wall further includes an average wall thickness between the interior-facing side and exterior-facing side that is less than 5 millimeters.
9. The inflated bladder of claim 1 , wherein the multi-layer optical film has from 2 to 20 layers, each layer independently having a thickness of about 10 to 500 nanometers.
10. The inflated bladder of claim 1 , wherein the structural color produced by the multi-layer optical film is different from the color of the underlying bladder wall.
11. The inflated bladder of claim 1 , wherein the multi-layer optical film contains no pigments and no dyes.
12. The inflated bladder of claim 1 , wherein the structural color produced by multi-layer optical film is a single-hued color.
13. The inflated bladder of claim 1 , wherein the multi-layer optical film has from 2 to 20 layers, each layer independently having a thickness of about 10 to 500 nanometers, wherein the multi-layer optical film contains no pigments and no dyes, and the structural color produced by the multi-layer optical film is a single-hued color.
14. A bladder for use in an article of footwear, the bladder comprising:
a bladder wall having an interior-facing side and an exterior-facing side, wherein the interior-facing side defines at least a portion of an interior region of the bladder; and
a multi-layer optical film having a first side and a second opposing side, wherein the first side of the multi-layer optical film is disposed on the exterior-facing side of the bladder wall and wherein the multi-layer optical film imparts a structural color having at least one hue to the bladder wall;
wherein the multi-layer optical film comprises:
a first layer compositionally comprising a non-oxide metal;
a second layer disposed on the first layer and compositionally comprising a first metal oxide; and
a third layer compositionally comprising a second metal oxide that is different from the first metal oxide; and
wherein the multi-layer optical film is a multi-layer reflector or a multi-layer filter comprising at least two adjacent layers having different refractive indices and at least one of the layers of the multi-layer reflector has a thickness that is about one-fourth of the wavelength of the visible light to be reflected by the multi-layer optical film to produce the structural color.
15. The bladder of claim 14 , and further comprising a gas retained within the interior region of the bladder.
16. The bladder of claim 15 , wherein the gas consists essentially of nitrogen.
17. The bladder of claim 15 , wherein the bladder wall exhibits a nitrogen gas transmission rate of 15 cm 3 /m 2 ·atm·day or less.
18. The bladder of claim 14 , further comprising a plurality of topographical structures extending from the exterior-facing side of the bladder wall.
19. The bladder of claim 18 , wherein the first side of the multi-layer optical film covers the plurality of topographical structures, and the first layer of the multi-layer optical film at least partially conforms to the plurality of topographical structures.
20. The bladder of claim 14 , wherein the structural color produced by the multi-layer optical film is a single-hued color.