Patterning device
A patterning device comprising a reflective marker, wherein the marker comprises: a plurality of reflective regions configured to preferentially reflect radiation having a given wavelength; and a plurality of absorbing regions configured to preferentially absorb radiation having the given wavelength; wherein the absorbing and reflective regions are arranged to form a patterned radiation beam reflected from the marker when illuminated with radiation, and wherein the reflective regions comprise a roughened reflective surface, the roughened reflective surface being configured to diffuse radiation reflected from the reflective regions, and wherein the roughened reflective surface has a root mean squared roughness of about an eighth of the given wavelength or more.
1. A system comprising:
first and second structures each comprising a reflective element and one or more apertures, wherein the first and second structures are configured to be moved in a path of a beam of radiation;
wherein the reflective element of the second structure is configured to receive a portion of the beam that transmits through the one or more apertures in the first structure and to reflect the portion of the beam toward the reflective element of the first structure, and wherein the reflective element of the first structure is configured to direct the portion of the beam received from the reflective element of the second structure through the one or more apertures in the second structure towards a target.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the reflective elements of the first and second structures is configured to diffuse the portion of the beam.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second structures further comprises a masking element configured to define a cross section of the beam.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the beam travels in a same direction before being received by the reflective element of the second structure and after being directed by the reflective element of the first structure.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the reflective element of the first structure is disposed adjacent one of the one or more apertures of the first structure; and
the reflective element of the second structure is disposed adjacent one of the one or more apertures of the second structure.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the beam comprises EUV radiation; and
at least one of the reflective elements of the first and second structures comprises an EUV diffusor.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein a first one of the reflective elements of the first and second structures comprises a two-dimensional diffusor and a second one of the reflective elements of the first and second structures comprises a one-dimensional diffusor.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the reflective elements of the first and second structures comprises a reflective diffraction grating.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the portion of the beam reflects from the reflective diffraction grating with a diffraction order.
10. A lithographic apparatus comprising:
an illumination system configured to generate a beam of radiation to illuminate a pattern of a patterning device;
a support configured to support the patterning device;
a substrate table configured to support a substrate;
a projection system configured to project an image of the pattern onto the substrate;
a beam directing system comprising:
first and second structures each comprising a reflective element and one or more apertures, wherein the first and second structures are configured to be moved in a path of the beam;
wherein the reflective element of the second structure is configured to receive a portion of the beam that transmits through the one or more apertures in the first structure and to reflect the portion of the beam toward the reflective element of the first structure, and
wherein the reflective element of the first structure is configured to direct the portion of the beam received from the reflective element of the second structure through the one or more apertures in the second structure towards a target; and
a detector configured to detect radiation scattered by the target and to output a measurement signal based on the detected radiation.
11. The lithographic apparatus of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the reflective elements of the first and second structures is configured to diffuse the portion of the beam.
12. The lithographic apparatus of claim 10 , wherein each of the first and second structures further comprises a masking element configured to define a cross section of the beam.
13. The lithographic apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the portion of the beam travels in a same direction before being received by the reflective element of the second structure and after being directed by the reflective element of the first structure.
14. The lithographic apparatus of claim 10 , wherein:
the beam comprises EUV radiation; and
at least one of the reflective elements of the first and second structures comprises an EUV diffusor.
15. The lithographic apparatus of claim 10 , wherein a first one of the reflective elements of the first and second structures comprises a two-dimensional diffusor and a second one of the reflective elements of the first and second structures comprises a one-dimensional diffusor.
16. The lithographic apparatus of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the reflective elements of the first and second structures comprises a reflective diffraction grating.
17. The lithographic apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the portion of the beam reflects from the reflective diffraction grating with a diffraction order.
18. The lithographic apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the lithographic apparatus is configured to determine a property of the lithographic apparatus based on the measurement signal.
19. The lithographic apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the property comprises alignment and/or aberrations.
20. A method comprising:
moving first and second structures each comprising a reflective element and one or more apertures in a path of a beam of radiation;
receiving, using the reflective element of the second structure, a portion of the beam transmitted through the one or more apertures in the first structure;
reflecting, using the reflective element of the second structure, the portion of the beam toward the reflective element of the first structure; and
directing, using the reflective element of the first structure, the portion of the beam received from the reflective element of the second structure through the one or more apertures in the second structure toward a target.