Method for detecting and isolating an electromagnetic pulse for protection of a monitored infrastructure

1. A method for detecting and isolating an electromagnetic pulse (“EMP”) along first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines electrically connected to a monitored infrastructure so as to protect the monitored infrastructure, said method for detecting and isolating comprising:

a phase unit receiving electric signal data from a sensor electrically connected individually to each of the first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines, respectively, upstream of and associated with the monitored infrastructure;

determining if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP and, if so, actuating an isolation subsystem in less than 300 nanoseconds to electrically isolate said respective electrical line against electrical communication with the monitored infrastructure and, if not, continuing to monitor said received electric signal data;

wherein said determining if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 pulse includes repeatedly sampling said received electrical signal data at a predetermined rate of giga-samples-per-second (GSPS) and determining, based on said sampling, if a rate-of-change (ROC) exceeds a predetermined ROC.

2. The method for detecting and isolating as in claim 1 , wherein said actuating the isolation subsystem operable to electrically isolate said respective electrical line includes physically disconnecting said respective electrical line from electrical communication with the monitored infrastructure.

3. The method for detecting and isolating as in claim 1 , wherein said sensor includes a direct current sensor installed upstream of the monitored infrastructure.

4. The method for detecting and isolating as in claim 1 , further comprising:

transmitting said received electric signal data to a base unit associated with said phase unit; and

said base unit receiving said transmitted received electric signal data.

5. The method for detecting and isolating as in claim 1 , wherein said determining if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 pulse includes analyzing if a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with said received electric signal data is indicative of a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with an E1 component of an EMP.

6. A method for detecting and isolating an electromagnetic pulse (“EMP”) along first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines electrically connected to a monitored infrastructure so as to protect the monitored infrastructure, said method for detecting and isolating comprising:

a phase unit receiving electric signal data from a sensor electrically connected individually to each of the first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines, respectively, upstream of and associated with the monitored infrastructure; and

determining if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP and, if so, actuating an isolation subsystem in less than 300 nanoseconds to electrically isolate said respective electrical line against electrical communication with the monitored infrastructure and, if not, continuing to monitor said received electric signal data;

wherein said determining if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP includes determining if said received electric signal data is indicative of a pulse that rises to a peak magnitude within five nanoseconds or less, and decays to half of its peak value within two-hundred nanoseconds.

7. The method for detecting and isolating as in claim 1 , wherein said determining if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E2 component of an EMP includes analyzing if a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with said received electric signal data is indicative of a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with an E2 component of an EMP.

8. The method for detecting and isolating as in claim 4 , wherein said determining if said received electric signal data is indicative of an E2 component of an EMP includes determining if said received electric signal data is indicative of a pulse that rises to a peak magnitude within one micro-second and has a total a duration of less than one second.

9. The method for detecting and isolating as in claim 1 , wherein said determining if said received electric signal data is indicative of an E3 component of an EMP includes analyzing if a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with said received electric signal data is indicative of a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with an E3 component of an EMP.

10. The method for detecting and isolating as in claim 1 , further comprising:

transmitting said received signal data associated with a respective electrical line to an infrastructure base unit positioned upstream of and associated with said monitored infrastructure,

said infrastructure base unit determining if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP and, if so, actuating the isolation subsystem in less than 300 nanoseconds to electrically isolate said respective electrical line against electrical communication with the monitored infrastructure.

11. The method for detecting and isolating as in claim 10 , further comprising:

said infrastructure base unit transmitting said received signal data to a third party facility that is remote from said monitored infrastructure; and

said infrastructure base unit transmitting an alert signal to said third party facility if said received signal data is determined to be indicative of an E1 pulse associated with said respective electrical line.

12. The method for detecting and isolating as in claim 1 , further comprising said infrastructure base unit determining, using said received electric signal data, if said received electric signal data is not indicative of an E1 component of the EMP but is indicative of an E2 or E3 component of the EMP and, if so, actuating a monitoring subsystem.

13. A method for detecting and isolating an electromagnetic pulse (“EMP”) along first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines electrically connected to a monitored infrastructure so as to protect the monitored infrastructure, said method for detecting and isolating comprising:

a phase unit receiving electric signal data from a sensor electrically connected individually to each of the first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines, respectively, upstream of and associated with the monitored infrastructure; and

determining if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP and, if so, actuating an isolation subsystem in less than 300 nanoseconds to electrically isolate said respective electrical line against electrical communication with the monitored infrastructure and, if not, continuing to monitor said received electric signal data; and

within less than one nanosecond after said detecting that said received electric signal data is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP, shunting an overvoltage on said electric lines of the infrastructure to decrease the level of said overvoltage to a predetermined threshold level using a first shunting assembly including MOVs, gas discharge tubes, other mechanical, electrical and ionization discharge devices and combinations thereof.

14. A system for detecting and isolating an electromagnetic pulse (“EMP”) along first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines electrically connected to a monitored infrastructure so as to protect the monitored infrastructure, said system for detecting and isolating, comprising:

a plurality of phase units having electronics operable to receive electric signal data from a sensor electrically connected individually to each of the first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines, respectively, upstream of and associated with the monitored infrastructure;

wherein each phase unit includes electronics for determining if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP and, if so, is configured to actuate an isolation subsystem in less than 300 nanoseconds to electrically isolate said respective electrical line against electrical communication with the monitored infrastructure and, if not, is configured to continue to monitor said received electric signal data;

wherein said phase unit is electronically configured to repeatedly sample said received electrical signal data at a predetermined rate of giga-samples-per-second (GSPS) and to determine, based on said sampling, if a rate-of-change (ROC) exceeds a predetermined ROC indicative of an E1 pulse.

15. The system for detecting and isolating as in claim 14 , wherein said isolation subsystem is configured to isolate said respective electrical line by transmitting a signal to physically disconnect said respective electrical line from electrical communication with the monitored infrastructure.

16. The system for detecting and isolating as in claim 14 , wherein said sensor includes a direct current sensor installed upstream of the monitored infrastructure.

17. The system for detecting and isolating as in claim 14 , further comprising:

a transmitter electrically connected to said phase unit and operable to transmit said received electric signal data; and

a receiver associated with an infrastructure base unit that is operable to receive said transmitted electric signal data.

18. The system for detecting and isolating as in claim 14 , wherein said phase unit is electronically configured to determine if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 pulse by analyzing if a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with said received electric signal data is indicative of a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with an E1 component of an EMP.

19. A system for detecting and isolating an electromagnetic pulse (“EMP”) along first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines electrically connected to a monitored infrastructure so as to protect the monitored infrastructure, said system for detecting and isolating, comprising:

a plurality of phase units having electronics operable to receive electric signal data from a sensor electrically connected individually to each of the first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines, respectively, upstream of and associated with the monitored infrastructure;

wherein each phase unit includes electronics for determining if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP and, if so, is configured to actuate an isolation subsystem in less than 300 nanoseconds to electrically isolate said respective electrical line against electrical communication with the monitored infrastructure and, if not, is configured to continue to monitor said received electric signal data;

wherein said phase unit is electronically configured to determine if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP by determining if said received electric signal data is indicative of a pulse that rises to a peak magnitude within five nanoseconds or less, and decays to half of its peak value within two-hundred nanoseconds.

20. The system for detecting and isolating as in claim 14 , wherein said phase unit is electronically configured to determine if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E2 component of an EMP by analyzing if a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with said received electric signal data is indicative of a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with an E2 component of an EMP.

21. The system for detecting and isolating as in claim 14 , wherein said phase unit is electronically configured to determine if said received electric signal data is indicative of an E2 component of an EMP by analyzing if said received electric signal data is indicative of a pulse that rises to a peak magnitude within one micro-second and has a total a duration of less than one second.

22. The system for detecting and isolating as in claim 14 , wherein said phase unit is electronically configured to determine if said received electric signal data is indicative of an E3 component of an EMP by analyzing if a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with said received electric signal data is indicative of a timing and shape of a timing diagram associated with an E3 component of an EMP.

23. The system for detecting and isolating as in claim 14 , wherein:

said phase unit includes a transmitter and is electronically configured to transmit said received signal data associated with a respective electrical line to an infrastructure base unit positioned upstream of and associated with said monitored infrastructure;

said infrastructure base unit having electronics operable to determine if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP and, if so, to actuate in less than 300 nanoseconds an isolation subsystem to electrically isolate said respective electrical line against electrical communication with the monitored infrastructure.

24. The system for detecting and isolating as in claim 23 , wherein:

said infrastructure base unit includes a transmitter configured to transmit said received signal data to a third party facility that is remote from said monitored infrastructure; and

said infrastructure base unit is configured to transmit an alert signal to said third party facility if said received signal data is determined to be indicative of an E1 pulse associated with said respective electrical line.

25. The system for detecting and isolating as in claim 24 , wherein said infrastructure base unit includes electronics operable to determine, using said received electric signal data, if said received electric signal data is indicative only of an E2 or E3 component of the EMP and, if so, is configured to actuate a monitoring subsystem.

26. A system for detecting and isolating an electromagnetic pulse (“EMP”) along first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines electrically connected to a monitored infrastructure so as to protect the monitored infrastructure, said system for detecting and isolating, comprising:

a plurality of phase units having electronics operable to receive electric signal data from a sensor electrically connected individually to each of the first phase, second phase, and third phase electrical lines, respectively, upstream of and associated with the monitored infrastructure;

wherein each phase unit includes electronics for determining if said received electric signal data associated with said respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP and, if so, is configured to actuate an isolation subsystem in less than 300 nanoseconds to electrically isolate said respective electrical line against electrical communication with the monitored infrastructure and, if not, is configured to continue to monitor said received electric signal data;

a first shunting assembly configured to shunt, within less than one nanosecond after detecting that said received electric signal data is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP, an overvoltage on said electric lines of the infrastructure to decrease the level of said overvoltage to a predetermined threshold level;

wherein said shunting assembly includes MOVs, gas discharge tubes, other mechanical, electrical and ionization discharge devices and combinations thereof.