Image-forming apparatus
A image-forming apparatus includes a plurality of process cartridges each having a toner and an image bearing member, and has an intermediate transfer member, wherein the toner comprises a toner particle that contains a toner base particle and a prescribed organosilicon polymer on the surface of the toner base particle, and the organosilicon polymer forms protruded portions on the surface of the toner base particle, for the protrusions having a protrusion height H from 40 nm to 300 nm, the numerical proportion P(D/w) of protruded portions having a ratio of the protrusion diameter D to the protrusion width w in a prescribed range is at least 70 number %, and one of the plurality of process cartridges has a carbon black-containing black toner, and the weight-average particle diameter of this black toner is smaller than that of the toner present in the other process cartridges.
1. An image-forming apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of process cartridges each having a toner and an image bearing member and each forming an image with a different color, and
an intermediate transfer member that, in order to carry out secondary transfer to a transfer material, transports a toner image provided by primary transfer from the image bearing member, wherein
the toner comprises a toner particle that contains a toner base particle and an organosilicon polymer on the surface of the toner base particle;
the organosilicon polymer has the structure given by formula (1) below;
the organosilicon polymer forms protruded portions on the surface of the toner base particle; wherein,
in a flat image provided by observing the toner cross section with a scanning transmission electron microscope STEM, drawing a line along the circumference of the toner base particle surface, and converting based on this line along the circumference, and
assuming that the length of the line along the circumference for a segment where a protruded portion and the toner base particle form a continuous interface is taken as a protrusion width w, the maximum length of a protruded portion in the direction normal to the protrusion width w is taken as a protrusion diameter D, and the length, in the line segment that forms the protrusion diameter D, from the peak of a protruded portion to the line along the circumference is taken as a protrusion height H,
the numerical proportion P(D/w), in protruded portions having a protrusion height H from 40 nm to 300 nm, of protruded portions having a ratio D/w of the protrusion diameter D to the protrusion width w from 0.33 to 0.80, is at least 70 number %; and wherein
one of the plurality of process cartridges has a carbon black-containing black toner; and
the weight-average particle diameter of the black toner is smaller than the weight-average particle diameter of the toner present in the other process cartridges
R—SiO 3/2 (1)
in the formula, R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbons or a phenyl group.
2. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein,
in observation of the toner cross section using a scanning transmission electron microscope STEM, assuming that the width of the flat image is taken as a circumference length L and the sum of the protrusion widths w of the protruded portions having a protrusion height H from 40 nm to 300 nm of the protruded portions of the organosilicon polymer present in the flat image is taken as Ew,
Ew/L is from0.30to0.90.
3. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the fixing ratio of the organosilicon polymer on the toner is at least 80 mass %.
4. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the black toner-containing process cartridge resides in the most downstream position among the plurality of process cartridges.
5. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the difference between the weight-average particle diameter of the black toner and the weight-average particle diameter of the toner present in the other process cartridges is not greater than 1.5 μm.
6. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
H80 is at least 65 nm where, when a cumulative distribution of the protrusion height H is constructed for the protruded portions having a protrusion height H from 40 nm to 300 nm, H80 is the protrusion height corresponding to 80 number % for cumulation of the protrusion height H from the small side.
7. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbons.
8. The image-forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of process cartridges comprise:
the process cartridge having the carbon black-containing black toner,
a process cartridge having a yellow toner,
a process cartridge having a magenta toner, and
a process cartridge having a cyan toner.