External toner additive, method for producing external toner additive, and toner
An external toner additive having a resin fine particle containing a crystalline resin and an inorganic fine particle embedded in the resin fine particle, wherein part of the inorganic fine particle is exposed on the surface of the resin fine particle, and in differential scanning calorimetry of the external toner additive, the maximum endothermic peak temperature T1 (° C.) during a first temperature increase and the maximum exothermic peak temperature T2 (° C.) during a first temperature decrease satisfy the formulae (1) to (3) below, with measurement performed between −40° C. and 150° C. at a rate of increase of 10° C./min during the first temperature increase and between 150° C. and −40° C. at a rate of decrease in temperature of 10° C./min during the first temperature decrease: T 1- T 2≤40.0 (1) 50.0≤ T 1≤120.0 (2) 10.0≤ T 2≤80.0 (3).
1. An external toner additive comprising a resin fine particle containing a crystalline resin and an inorganic fine particle embedded in the resin fine particle, wherein
part of the inorganic fine particle is exposed on the surface of the resin fine particle, and
in differential scanning calorimetry of the external toner additive, the maximum endothermic peak temperature T1 (° C.) during the first temperature increase and the maximum exothermic peak temperature T2 (° C.) during the first temperature decrease satisfy the following formulae (1) to (3), wherein measurement is performed from −40° C. to 150° C. at a rate of increase in temperature of 10° C./min during the first temperature increase and from 150° C. to −40° C. at a rate of decrease in temperature of 10° C./min during the first temperature decrease:
T 1- T 2≤40.0 (1)
50.0≤ T 1≤120.0 (2)
10.0≤ T 2≤80.0 (3).
2. The external toner additive according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum exothermic peak temperature T2 [° C.] satisfies the following formula (4):
20.0≤ T 2≤80.0 (4).
3. The external toner additive according to claim 1 , wherein the number-average particle diameter of a primary particle of the external toner additive as measured by the dynamic light scattering method is from 50 nm to 300 nm.
4. The external toner additive according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic fine particle is at least one selected from the group consisting of a silica fine particle, an alumina fine particle, a titania fine particle, a zinc oxide fine particle, a strontium titanate fine particle, a calcium carbonate fine particle and a cerium oxide fine particle.
5. The external toner additive according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline resin contains a crystalline polyester.
6. A toner comprising a toner particle containing a binder resin and a colorant, and an external toner additive on the surface of the toner particle, wherein
the external toner additive comprises an external toner additive according to claim 1 .
7. The toner according to claim 6 , wherein in a temperature T [° C.]-storage elastic modulus E′ [Pa] curve obtained by powder dynamic viscoelasticity measurement of the toner, a curve of the change in the storage elastic modulus E′ relative to the temperature T (dE′/dT) shows relative minimum values at −1.0×10 7 or less within a temperature range from the onset temperature of the dE′/dT curve to 90° C., and the relative minimum value at the lowest temperature side among the relative minimum values is not more than −9.0×10 7 .
8. A method for producing an external toner additive comprising a resin fine particle containing a crystalline resin and an inorganic fine particle embedded in the resin fine particle, in which part of the inorganic fine particle is exposed on the surface of the resin fine particle, comprising
a step (i) of preparing a liquid dispersion A comprising the inorganic fine particle dispersed in a solution in which the crystalline resin is dissolved in an organic solvent,
a step (ii) of preparing a liquid dispersion B by adding a neutralizing agent with an acid dissociation constant pKa of at least 7.0 to the liquid dispersion A, and
a step (iii) of adding water to the liquid dispersion B to prepare a liquid dispersion C comprising the external toner additive dispersed by phase inversion emulsification, wherein
in differential scanning calorimetry of the external toner additive, the maximum endothermic peak temperature T1 (° C.) during the first temperature increase satisfies the following formula (2):
50≤ T 1≤120.0 (2).
9. The method for producing an external toner additive according to claim 8 , wherein the acid dissociation constant pKa of the neutralizing agent is from 9.0 to 13.0.
10. The method for producing an external toner additive according to claim 8 , wherein the boiling point of the neutralizing agent is not more than 140° C.
11. The method for producing an external toner additive according to claim 8 , wherein the hydrophobicity of the inorganic fine particle is not more than 30 methanol vol %.
12. The method for producing an external toner additive according to claim 8 , wherein the amount of the inorganic fine particle added in the step (i) is 20 mass parts to 80 mass parts per 100 mass parts of the crystalline resin.
13. The method for producing an external toner additive according to claim 8 , wherein the inorganic fine particle is at least one selected from the group consisting of a silica fine particle, an alumina fine particle, a titania fine particle, a zinc oxide fine particle, a strontium titanate fine particle, a calcium carbonate fine particle and a cerium oxide fine particle.
14. The method for producing an external toner additive according to claim 8 , wherein the acid value of the crystalline resin is from 5.0 mg KOH/g to 30.0 mg KOH/g.
15. The method for producing an external toner additive according to claim 8 , wherein the crystalline resin contains a crystalline polyester.
16. The method for producing an external toner additive according to claim 8 , wherein given Rx (nm) as the number-average particle diameter of a primary particle of the inorganic fine particle and Ry (nm) as the number-average particle diameter of a primary particle of the external toner additive, Ry/Rx satisfies the following Formula (5):
5.0≤ Ry/Rx≤ 100.0 (5).
17. The method for producing an external toner additive according to claim 8 , wherein the number-average particle diameter Rx of a primary particle of the inorganic fine particle is from 10.0 nm to 70.0 nm.
18. The method for producing an external toner additive according to claim 8 , wherein the amount of the neutralizing agent added is from 0.5 mass parts to 15.0 mass parts per 100 mass parts of the crystalline resin.
19. The method for producing an external toner additive according to claim 8 , wherein the amount of the surfactant added is not more than 1.0 mass part per 100 mass parts of the crystalline resin.