Methods for producing multifunctional catalysts for upgrading pyrolysis oil
A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.
1. A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil, the method comprising:
contacting a zeolite support with a solution comprising a heteropolyacid, in which the heteropolyacid comprises a first metal, a second metal different from the first metal, and at least one heteroatom and the zeolite support comprises a molar ratio of silica to alumina of from 10 to 70, where the contacting deposits the heteropolyacid onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor;
removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor; and
calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.
2. The method of claim 1 , in which:
the first metal and the second metal are each selected from cobalt, molybdenum, vanadium, or combinations of these; and
the at least one heteroatom is selected from phosphorous, silicon, arsenic, or combinations of these.
3. The method of claim 1 , in which the heteropolyacid comprises decamolybdodicobaltate heteropolyacid.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising dehydrating the heteropolyacid prior to contacting the zeolite support with the solution.
5. The method of claim 1 , in which the multifunctional catalyst precursor is calcined at a temperature of 500 degrees Celsius to 600 degrees Celsius and for a time of from 4 hour to 6 hours to produce the multifunctional catalyst.
6. The method of claim 1 , in which the zeolite support comprises a nano beta zeolite having an average pore size of less than or equal to 2 micrometers.