Solid end mill with complex clearance surface
In one aspect, rotary cutting tools are described comprising clearances with projections adjacent the cutting edge and extending the width and length of the clearance surface of each tooth. This design can assist in reducing vibration or chatter during cutting operations.
1. An elongated rotary cutting tool defining a central longitudinal axis (A-A), comprising:
a shank portion; and
a cutting portion adjoining the shank portion, the cutting portion having a cutting end and a first blade, the first blade having an end cutting edge, a peripheral cutting edge and a complex clearance surface adjacent the peripheral cutting edge,
wherein the complex clearance surface:
reduces vibration or chatter in the rotary cutting tool, and
comprises a continuously varying primary clearance angle with respect to a tangent, Z, extending from the peripheral cutting edge of the blade,
the continuously varying primary clearance angle defining a sinusoidal wave pattern having a plurality of peaks and valleys, and
wherein the peripheral cutting edge is continuously smooth and uninterrupted.
2. The rotary cutting tool of claim 1 , wherein the sinusoidal wave pattern has a pitch, L, of between about 1 mm and about 6 mm.
3. The rotary cutting tool of claim 1 , wherein the sinusoidal wave pattern has a minimum value in a range between about 1 degree to about 5 degrees and a maximum value in a range between about 6 degrees to about 11 degrees, and then repeats along an entire length of the blade.
4. The rotary cutting tool of claim 1 , wherein the sinusoidal wave pattern defines a plurality of raised areas or bumps located at the peaks.
5. The rotary cutting tool of claim 1 , wherein the first blade defines a rounded corner cutting edge connecting the end cutting edge and the peripheral cutting edge, the rounded corner cutting edge defining a rounded corner radius.
6. The rotary cutting tool of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of blades.
7. The rotary cutting tool of claim 6 , wherein each blade is separated by a helical flute extending axially rearward from the cutting end of the cutting head.
8. The rotary cutting tool of claim 3 , wherein the peripheral cutting edge of each blade has a leading face and a trailing face.
9. The rotary cutting tool of claim 8 , wherein the leading face of each blade has a radial rake angle in a range between −15 degrees to +15 degrees.
10. The rotary cutting tool of claim 1 , wherein the complex clearance surface is planar.
11. The rotary cutting tool of claim 1 , wherein the complex clearance surface is eccentric or convex.
12. The rotary cutting tool of claim 1 , wherein the rotary cutting tool comprises a solid end mill.
13. The rotary cutting tool of claim 1 , wherein:
the cutting portion has an outer diameter; and
the peripheral cutting edge lies at a circumference defined by the outer diameter.
14. The rotary cutting tool of claim 13 , wherein the complex clearance surface does not affect the continuously smooth, uninterrupted peripheral cutting edge.
15. An elongated rotary cutting tool defining a central longitudinal axis (A-A), comprising:
a shank portion; and
a cutting portion adjoining the shank portion, the cutting portion having a cutting end and a first blade, the first blade having an end cutting edge, a peripheral cutting edge and a complex clearance surface adjacent the peripheral cutting edge,
wherein the complex clearance surface reduces vibration or chatter in the rotary cutting tool,
wherein the peripheral cutting edge is continuously smooth and uninterrupted, and
wherein the first blade defines a rounded corner cutting edge connecting the end cutting edge and the peripheral cutting edge, the rounded corner cutting edge defining a rounded corner radius.
16. An elongated rotary cutting tool defining a central longitudinal axis (A-A), comprising:
a shank portion; and
a cutting portion adjoining the shank portion, the cutting portion having a cutting end and a first blade, the first blade having an end cutting edge, a peripheral cutting edge and a complex clearance surface adjacent the peripheral cutting edge,
wherein the complex clearance surface:
reduces vibration or chatter in the rotary cutting tool, and
is eccentric or convex, and
wherein the peripheral cutting edge is continuously smooth and uninterrupted.