Optical element for correcting color blindness
Described herein are devices, compositions, and methods for improving color discernment.
1. A device comprising: an optical element comprising a coating, wherein the coating comprises a luminescent compound in a substantially transparent matrix; wherein the device is configured so that optical element modifies a color of an object or image viewed through the optical element by a user to thereby allow the user to better distinguish colors as a result of absorption and emission of light by the luminescent compound, wherein the optical element is configured to absorb and emit visible light so that when an object or image is viewed through the optical element, a first color having a first set of color coordinates is converted to a second color having a second set of color coordinates to aid in distinguishing colors; and the distance between the first set of color coordinates and the second set of color coordinates in the direction normal to a color confusion line nearest to the first set of color coordinates is at least about 0.02 color coordinate units, and wherein the luminescent compound absorbs light at an absorption wavelength and emits light at an emission wavelength, wherein a human cone photopigment is substantially more sensitive to the emission wavelength than to the absorption wavelength, wherein the luminescent compound has an average wavelength of visible absorption of about 380 nm to about 450 nm.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the coating is scratch resistant.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is an item of eyewear.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the eyewear is eyeglasses or sunglasses.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is a window.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device is an electronic device with a color display.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the coating comprises a polycarbonate, a hard acrylate, a polyurethane, or a polyurea urethane.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optical element absorbs light in a wavelength range near peak sensitivity for an M human cone photopigment and emits light of a longer wavelength in a wavelength range near peak sensitivity for an L human cone photopigment.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the optical element has a peak wavelength of visible absorption of about 510 nm to about 550 nm.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the optical element has a peak wavelength of visible emission of about 540 nm to about 580 nm.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the distance between the first set of color coordinates and the second set of color coordinates in the direction normal to a color confusion line nearest to the first set of color coordinates is at least about 0.04 color coordinate units.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the color confusion line is a deuteronopia color confusion line.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the color confusion line is deuteronopia color confusion line 7.
14. The device of claim 12 , wherein the color confusion line is deuteronopia color confusion line 8.
15. The device of claim 12 , wherein the color confusion line is deuteronopia color confusion line 9.
16. The device of claim 11 , wherein the first set of color coordinates is about (0.375 0.380, 0.485 0.490), about (0.475 0.480, 0.410 0.415), about (0.368 0.373, 0.485 0.490), or about (0.370 0.375, 0.460 0.465).
17. The device of claim 11 , wherein the first set of color coordinates is about (0.330 0.335, 0.340 0.345).
18. The device of claim 11 , wherein the first set of color coordinates is about (0.570 0.575, 0.340 0.345), about (0.475 0.480, 0.468 0.473), or about (0.565 0.570, 0.395 0.400).
19. The device of claim 11 , wherein the first set of color coordinates is about (0.510 0.515, 0.340 0.344), or about (0.480 0.485, 0.388 0.392).
20. The device of claim 11 , wherein the first set of color coordinates is about (0.290 0.295, 0.495 0.500).
21. The device of claim 1 , wherein the luminescent compound absorbs light at a wavelength that is less than maximally detected by a normal human cone middle wavelength sensitive (M) photopigment and emits light at a wavelength that is detected to a substantially greater extent by the normal human cone M photopigment.
22. The device of claim 1 , wherein the luminescent compound absorbs light at a wavelength that is less than maximally detected by a variant human cone middle wavelength sensitive (MV) photopigment and emits light at a wavelength that is detected to a substantially greater extent by the same human cone MV photopigment.
23. The device of claim 1 , wherein the luminescent compound absorbs light at a wavelength that is less than maximally detected by a normal human cone long wavelength sensitive (L) photopigment and emits light at a wavelength that is detected to a substantially greater extent by the normal human cone L photopigment.
24. The device of claim 1 , wherein the luminescent compound absorbs light at a wavelength that is less than maximally detected by a variant human cone long wavelength sensitive (LV) photopigment and emits light at a wavelength that is detected to a substantially greater extent by the same human cone LV photopigment.
25. The device of claim 1 , wherein the luminescent compound has an average wavelength of visible absorption of about 420 nm to about 450 nm.