Nondestructive inspection of composite materials
Systems and methods associated with nondestructive inspection of composite material components using fluorescent penetrants for detecting undesirable defects in such components are described. Ceramic matrix composite components include high porous surfaces making defect detection challenging, including contributing to excessive bleed back during the process. The systems and methods include a solvent washing of the component prior to inspection.
1. A method of inspecting a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component with a fluorescent penetrant, the method comprising:
applying a fluorescent penetrant to a surface of a CMC component to be inspected, the surface being a porous surface including acceptable surface discontinuities comprising fabric strands of fiber, fiber tows, woven fabric or some combination thereof;
applying a first washing fluid to the surface of the CMC component having the fluorescent penetrant to remove an initial portion of the fluorescent penetrant from the surface, leaving the acceptable surface discontinuities and undesirable surface discontinuities in the surface with a first amount of the fluorescent penetrant, the undesirable surface discontinuities comprising cracks, delamination or some combination thereof;
applying an emulsifying agent to the surface of the CMC component having the first amount of the fluorescent penetrant, the emulsifying agent comprising a solvent;
applying a second washing fluid to the surface of the CMC component having the first amount of the fluorescent penetrant and the emulsifying agent to remove the emulsifying agent and another portion of the fluorescent penetrant from the surface, leaving the acceptable surface discontinuities and the undesirable surface discontinuities with a second amount of the fluorescent penetrant less than the first amount;
applying a solvent washing agent to the surface of the CMC component, instead of a developer, to inhibit excessive bleed back of the florescent penetrant from the undesirable surface discontinuities onto the porous surface of the CMC component, the solvent washing agent applied by covering fully the surface of the CMC component having the second amount of the fluorescent penetrant with the solvent washing agent to remove residual florescent penetrate from the porous surface of the CMC component and excess bleed back from the undesirable surface discontinuities to the fabric strands of fiber, fiber tows, woven fabric or some combination thereof included in the porous surface of the CMC component and capable of holding the fluorescent penetrant;
removing the solvent washing agent from the CMC component; and
applying an ultraviolet light to the CMC component next after removal of the solvent washing agent that fully covered the surface of the CMC component to perform a visual inspection of the discontinuities.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent washing agent includes at least one of acetone, alcohol, methanol, ethanol, or mineral spirits.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein during the covering step, the CMC component is fully immersed into the solvent washing agent.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a developer is not applied to the CMC component after the applying an emulsifying agent step or the covering step.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent washing agent is within a container.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising drying the CMC component after the applying the second washing fluid step and prior to the covering step.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a cleaning agent to the CMC component prior to the applying the fluorescent penetrant step.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising drying the CMC component after the applying the cleaning agent step and prior to the applying the fluorescent penetrant step.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising drying the CMC component after the applying the fluorescent penetrant step and prior to the applying the first washing fluid step.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CMC component is rotated during the drying step and the applying the first washing fluid step.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising drying the CMC component after the covering fully the surface of the CMC component step and prior to the applying an ultraviolet light step.
12. A method of inspecting a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component with a fluorescent penetrant, the method comprising:
degreasing the CMC component with a cleaning agent;
immersing the CMC component in a bath of a fluorescent penetrant;
washing the CMC component having the fluorescent penetrant with a first washing agent to remove an initial portion of the fluorescent penetrant from a surface of the CMC component, the surface being a porous surface including acceptable surface discontinuities comprising fabric strands of fiber, fiber tows, woven fabric or some combination thereof, the first washing leaving the acceptable surface discontinuities and undesirable surface discontinuities in the surface with a first amount of the fluorescent penetrant, the undesirable surface discontinuities comprising cracks, delamination or some combination thereof;
applying an emulsifying agent to the CMC component having the first amount of the fluorescent penetrant to lift the fluorescent penetrant from the surface discontinuities and prevent reattachment of the fluorescent penetrate to the surface or the surface discontinuities after applying the first washing fluid, the emulsifying agent comprising a solvent;
washing the CMC component having the first amount of the fluorescent penetrant and the emulsifying agent with a second washing fluid to remove the emulsifying agent, and another portion of the fluorescent penetrant from the acceptable surface discontinuities and the undesirable surface discontinuities, leaving the acceptable surface discontinuities and the undesirable surface discontinuities with a second amount of the fluorescent penetrant less than the first amount;
drying the CMC component having the second amount of the fluorescent penetrant;
immersing the CMC component with the second amount of the fluorescent penetrant under a solvent washing agent, instead of a developer, the solvent washing agent being a solvent to remove residual florescent penetrate from the porous surface of the CMC component and excess bleed back from the undesirable surface discontinuities onto the fabric strands of fiber, fiber tows, woven fabric or some combination thereof included in the porous surface of the CMC component, leaving the acceptable surface discontinuities of the CMC component and the undesirable surface discontinuities with a remaining amount of the fluorescent penetrant less than the second amount; and
fluorescing the CMC component with the remaining penetrant with an ultraviolet light to allow for visual inspection of the surface discontinuities in the surface of the CMC component.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the solvent washing agent includes at least one of acetone, alcohol, methanol, ethanol, or mineral spirits.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein a developer is not applied to the CMC component during a period of time between the emulsifying agent step and the immersing step.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the solvent washing agent is in a container sized to receive the CMC component.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of removing the solvent washing agent from the CMC component comprises removing the solvent washing agent from the CMC component without applying the developer, and wherein the step of applying an ultraviolet light to the CMC component next after removal of the solvent washing agent comprises applying the ultraviolet light to the CMC component next after removal of the solvent washing agent without applying the developer.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of fluorescing the CMC component with the remaining penetrant with an ultraviolet light comprises the step of fluorescing the CMC component with the remaining penetrant with the ultraviolet light without applying a developer.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying an ultraviolet light to the CMC component next after removal of the solvent washing agent that fully covered the surface of the CMC component to perform a visual inspection of the discontinuities comprises applying the ultraviolet light to the CMC component next after removal of the solvent washing agent, in the absence of any developer ever having been applied to the discontinuities, to perform the visual inspection.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of fluorescing the CMC component with the remaining penetrant with an ultraviolet light to allow for visual inspection of the surface discontinuities in the surface of the CMC component comprises the step of fluorescing the CMC component, in the absence of any developer ever having been applied to the surface discontinuities, to allow for visual inspection.