Textile-based printable electrodes for electrochemical sensing
Techniques and systems are disclosed for implementing textile-based screen-printed amperometric or potentiometric sensors. The chemical sensor can include carbon based electrodes to detect at least one of NADH, hydrogen peroxide, potassium ferrocyanide, TNT or DNT, in liquid or vapor phase. In one application, underwater presence of chemicals such as heavy metals and explosives is detected using the textile-based sensors.
1. A wearable chemical sensor system, comprising:
a textile material; and
a chemical sensor attached to the textile material, the chemical sensor comprising two or more electrodes operable to generate a signal associated with detection of an analyte using one or more of amperometric sensing, voltammetric sensing, or a potentiometric sensing; and
an electronics unit in communication with the chemical sensor and operable to process and communicate data associated with signals detected by the chemical sensor,
wherein the electronics unit includes a circuit comprising one or more of an integrator, a voltage amplifier, an adjustable comparator, and digital logic,
wherein the electronics unit includes a flexible electronics circuit integrated on a surface of the textile material, the flexible electronics circuit operable to process and communicate data associated with signals detected by the chemical sensor.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the flexible electronics circuit includes an integrated circuit chip.
3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a display in communication with the electronics unit and operable to produce a visual display indicative of a result from the processed data.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the chemical sensor includes a three-electrode electrochemical sensor comprising a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode positioned between the working electrode and the counter electrode.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the working electrode includes carbon and is formed on the textile material by printing a carbon ink directly on the textile material.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the chemical sensor is operable to detect at least one of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), hydrogen peroxide, potassium ferrocyanide, trinitrotoluene (TNT), or dinitrotoluene (DNT).
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the textile material includes at least one of neoprene, Kapton, or Mylar.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the textile material is included as part of or attached to a clothing item or element such that the chemical sensor is positioned to come in contact with a biological substance of a wearer of the clothing item or element that contains the analyte.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the chemical sensor includes a chemically selective layer on a surface of at least one of the two or more electrodes.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the chemically selective layer includes a permselective coating.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the chemically selective layer includes a catalytic layer.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the catalytic layer includes a biocatalyst.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the biocatalyst includes an enzyme.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the enzyme includes one or both of a dehydrogenase-based enzyme and an oxidase-based enzyme for detection of the analyte comprising at least one of urea, glucose, ethanol or lactate.
15. The system of claim 11 , wherein the catalytic layer includes a metallic catalyst including one or more of nickel, bismuth, silver, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, osmium, or ruthenium for detection of the analyte comprising at least one of hydrogen peroxide or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the textile material is porous and deformable.
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the two or more electrodes is porous and has a fibrous structure.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the two or more electrodes includes a carbon-based ink.
19. A wearable chemical sensor system, comprising:
a textile material; and
a chemical sensor attached to the textile material, the chemical sensor comprising two or more electrodes operable to generate a signal associated with detection of an analyte using one or more of amperometric sensing, voltammetric sensing, or a potentiometric sensing; and
an electronics unit in communication with the chemical sensor and operable to process and communicate data associated with signals detected by the chemical sensor,
wherein the chemical sensor includes a three-electrode electrochemical sensor comprising a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode positioned between the working electrode and the counter electrode;
wherein the working electrode includes carbon and is formed on the textile material by printing a carbon ink directly on the textile material.
20. A wearable chemical sensor system, comprising:
a textile material; and
a chemical sensor attached to the textile material, the chemical sensor comprising two or more electrodes operable to generate a signal associated with detection of an analyte using one or more of amperometric sensing, voltammetric sensing, or a potentiometric sensing; and
an electronics unit in communication with the chemical sensor and operable to process and communicate data associated with signals detected by the chemical sensor,
wherein the electronics unit includes a circuit comprising one or more of an integrator, a voltage amplifier, an adjustable comparator, and digital logic,
wherein the textile material is included as part of or attached to a clothing item or element such that the chemical sensor is positioned to come in contact with a biological substance of a wearer of the clothing item or element that contains the analyte.
21. The system of claim 20 , wherein the chemical sensor includes a chemically selective layer on a surface of at least one of the two or more electrodes, and wherein the chemically selective layer includes one or more of a permselective coating or a catalytic layer.