Carbon molecular sieve membrane for gas separations
An ultrathin high permselectivity carbon molecular sieve membrane (CMSM) for industrial gas separations is provided. The CMSM includes porous metal or ceramic supports to provide superior stability at high temperatures, pressures and chemical environments. The CMSM also offers the potential for cost-effective gas processing while overcoming disadvantages found in alternative media that are fragile and susceptible to shock due to thermal cycling and prone to end-sealing problems under industrial conditions.
1. A method of fabricating a carbon molecular sieve membrane for industrial gas separations, the method comprising:
providing a porous support structure including a first major surface opposite a second major surface and defining a thickness therebetween;
forming an intermediate layer comprising an inorganic oxide on the first major surface of the porous support structure by applying a composition having an inorganic oxide precursor and a carrier vehicle to the first major surface of the porous support structure, permitting the composition to dry to thereby remove the carrier vehicle, and annealing the dried composition to convert the inorganic oxide precursor into the inorganic oxide intermediate layer;
forming a polymer precursor film on a surface of the intermediate layer opposite the porous support structure, the polymer precursor film having a thickness of less than 4 μm; and
carbonizing the polymer precursor film in an inert atmosphere between 400° C. and 750° C. to form a carbon separating layer having a thickness of less than 1 μm,
wherein the porous support structure includes a mean pore size that is at least an order of magnitude greater than a mean pore size of the carbon separating layer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous support structure is a metal support structure or a ceramic support structure.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the polymer precursor film includes applying a precursor composition comprising a polymer precursor and a vehicle to the surface of the intermediate layer.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the polymer precursor includes (i) a polyacrylonitrile; (ii) a polyimide; (iii) a poly(furfuryl) alcohol; (iv) a phenolic resin; or (v) a combination of (i) to (iv).
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the precursor composition has a viscosity of from 5 to 30 cP.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein applying the precursor composition to the surface of the intermediate layer comprises: (i) spin coating; (ii) brush coating; (iii) drop coating; (iv) spray coating; (v) dip coating; (vi) roll coating; (vii) flow coating; (viii) slot coating; (ix) gravure coating; or (x) a combination of any of (i) to (ix).
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide comprises: (i) alumina; (ii) silica; (iii) titania; (iv) zirconia; or (v) a combination of (i) to (iv).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer and the carbon separating layer are each porous, and the carbon separating layer defines an average pore size less than an average pore size defined by the intermediate layer.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon separating layer is further defined as a first carbon separating layer, and the method further comprises:
forming a second polymer precursor film on a surface of the first carbon separating layer opposite the intermediate layer, the second polymer precursor film having a thickness of less than 4 μm; and
carbonizing the second polymer precursor film in an inert atmosphere between 400° C. and 750° C. to form a second carbon separating layer having a thickness of less than 1 μm.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
forming a third polymer precursor film on a surface of a second carbon separating layer opposite the first carbon separating layer, the third polymer precursor film having a thickness of less than 4 μm; and
carbonizing the third polymer precursor film in an inert atmosphere between 400° C. and 750° C. to form a third carbon separating layer having a thickness of less than 1 μm.