Piezoelectric article with dielectric layer and co-planar electrodes
A composite article has 1) a dry piezoelectric layer comprising a piezoelectric material, 2) a dry dielectric layer arranged contiguously with at least one of the opposing surfaces of the dry piezoelectric layer, and 3) a pair of non-electrically-connected co-planar patterned electrodes. The dry dielectric layer has essentially (a′) a dielectric material; and (b) particles having a Young's modulus that is different from the Young's modulus of the (a′) dielectric material by at least 10%.
1. A composite article comprising:
1) a first dry piezoelectric layer (first dry PL) comprising a piezoelectric material and having first and second opposing surfaces,
2) one or more dry dielectric layers arranged contiguously with at least one of the first and second opposing surfaces of the first dry PL, wherein at least one dry dielectric layer (dry DL-P) consists essentially of:
(a′) a dielectric material; and
(b) particles distributed within the (a′) dielectric material, the (b) particles having a Young's modulus that is different from the Young's modulus of the (a′) dielectric material by at least 10%, and which (b) particles have a d50 of at least 500 nm and up to and including 500 μm and a polydispersity coefficient that is less than or equal to 3, provided that the weight ratio of the (b) particles to the (a′) dielectric material is at least 0.01:1 and up to and including 10:1; and
3) a pair of non-electrically-connected co-planar patterned electrodes that are arranged contiguously to at least one of the first and second opposing surfaces of the first dry PL, and when each of the pair of non-electrically-connected co-planar patterned electrodes is arranged adjacent to an insulating substrate, it exhibits a resistivity of less than 10,000 ohms-cm, and
optionally, the at least one dry DL-P further includes (c) a binder material that is non-electrically conductive and has a weight average molecular weight of at least 5,000.
2. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the (b) particles are composed of one or more polymeric materials.
3. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the (b) particles are composed of one or more inorganic materials.
4. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the (b) particles comprise one or more elastomeric polymers.
5. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the (b) particles are core-shell particles having a core that is comprised of a material different from the material comprising the shell.
6. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the (c) non-electrically conductive binder material is present and comprises one or more polyurethanes, acrylate polymers, polyvinyl acetals, or polyacrylate precursors to an acrylate polymer.
7. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the (c) non-electrically conductive binder material is present in an amount of at least 0.1 weight % and up to and including 10 weight %, based on the total weight of the at least one dry DL-P.
8. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the least one dry DL-P is arranged contiguously with the first opposing surface of the first dry PL and the pair of non-electrically-connected co-planar patterned electrodes are arranged contiguously with the second opposing surface of the dry PL.
9. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the pair of non-electrically-connected co-planar patterned electrodes are arranged contiguously with the first opposing surface of the first dry PL, and the least one dry DL-P is arranged contiguously over the pair of non-electrically-connected co-planar patterned electrodes.
10. The composite article of claim 9 , further comprising a first dry electrically-conductive layer containing no (b) particles (first dry ECL), which first dry ECL is arranged contiguously with the second opposing surface of the first dry PL.
11. The composite article of claim 10 , further comprising a dry electrically-conductive layer containing (b) particles (dry ECL-P) that is arranged contiguously with the first dry ECL that is arranged contiguously with the second opposing surface of the first dry PL.
12. The composite of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate on which 1), 2), and 3) are contiguously arranged.
13. The composite article of claim 9 , further comprising a second dry dielectric layer containing (b) particles (second dry DL-P) that is arranged contiguously with the second opposing surface of the first dry PL.
14. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the (b) particles have a polydispersity coefficient that is less than or equal to 1.5.
15. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the (b) particles have a polydispersity coefficient that is less than or equal to 1.25.
16. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the first dry piezoelectric layer comprises beta phase polyvinylidene fluoride.
17. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the first dry piezoelectric layer comprises a single crystalline or polycrystalline ceramic.
18. The composite article of claim 1 , further comprising a pair of non-electrically-connected co-planar patterned electrodes comprising (b) particles, which pair of non-electrically-connected co-planar patterned electrodes are arranged on a least one of the first and second opposing surfaces of the first dry PL.
19. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the pair of non-electrically-connected co-planar patterned electrodes comprise electrically-conductive silver nanoparticles.
20. The composite article of claim 1 , further comprising a second dry piezoelectric layer (second dry PL) comprising a piezoelectric material, which second dry PL is arranged contiguously with an electrically-conductive layer or a pair of non-electrically-connected co-planar patterned electrodes, which are arranged between the first dry Pl and the second dry PL.