Piezoelectric sensor with resonating microstructures
A sensor system may have a force sensor formed from a piezoelectric film. The piezoelectric film may comprise a number of tuned microstructures that are configured to resonate at a particular frequency. In accordance with the tuning of the microstructures, frequency signals corresponding to the microstructure resonance may be mechanically amplified before being processed by associated processing electronics. The processing electronics may be configured to identify a type of biological vibration detected by the force sensor.
1 . A sensor system for sensing a biological vibration, comprising:
a sensor stack comprising:
a piezoelectric film having a first side opposing a second side and comprising an array of microstructures, each microstructure of the array of microstructures formed from a respective portion of the piezoelectric film and configured to vibrate about the piezoelectric film with a respective resonant frequency tuned to resonate within a biological range of interest corresponding to the biological vibration;
a first electrode connected to the first side of the piezoelectric film; and
a second electrode connected to the second side of the piezoelectric film, the first electrode and the second electrode converting the biological vibration detected by at least one microstructure of the array of microstructures into electrical signals.
2 . The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein:
each microstructure of the array of microstructures has a cantilever structure; and
the cantilever structure is tuned to amplify detection of the biological vibration.
3 . The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein:
the sensor stack further comprises:
a first shielding film coupled to the first electrode; and
a second shielding film coupled to the second electrode;
the first electrode is disposed between the piezoelectric film and the first shielding film; and
the second electrode is disposed between the piezoelectric film and the second shielding film.
4 . The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein:
the array of microstructures is a first array of first microstructures;
the biological range of interest is a first biological range of interest;
the piezoelectric film further comprises a second array of second microstructures;
each of the second array of second microstructures is tuned to a second biological range of interest; and
the second biological range of interest is different from the first biological range of interest.
5 . The sensor system of claim 4 , wherein:
the first biological range of interest corresponds to lung vibrations in a first range of 50 Hertz to 2500 Hertz; and
the second biological range of interest corresponds to heart vibrations in a second range of 20 Hertz to 500 Hertz.
6 . The sensor system of claim 4 , wherein microstructures of the first array of first microstructures and microstructures of the second array of second microstructures are formed in an alternating pattern on the piezoelectric film.
7 . The sensor system of claim 4 , wherein:
the first array of first microstructures are formed within a first area of the piezoelectric film;
the second array of second microstructures are formed within a second area of the piezoelectric film; and
the first area does not overlap with the second area.
8 . The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the array of microstructures are formed as a repeating grid of microstructures on the piezoelectric film.
9 . The sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric film is formed from a polyvinylidene difluoride material.
10 . The sensor system of claim 1 , further comprising a communications interface configured to transmit the electrical signals to an external electronic device.
11 . A sensor system for monitoring biological vibrations generated by a user, comprising:
a flexible sensor detecting the biological vibrations from the user while the user is in contact with the flexible sensor, the flexible sensor comprising:
a flexible piezoelectric film comprising an array of microstructures, each microstructure of the array of microstructures defining a respective hole of the flexible piezoelectric film and having a respective cantilevered structure formed from a respective segment of the flexible piezoelectric film, the respective cantilevered structure amplifying detected vibrations within a biological range of interest; and
a first electrode and a second electrode, respectively connected to a first surface of the piezoelectric film and a second surface of the piezoelectric film, the first surface opposing the second surface.
12 . The sensor system of claim 11 , wherein each microstructure of the array of microstructures is tuned to resonate at a frequency corresponding to at least one of heart vibrations or lung vibrations.
13 . The sensor system of claim 11 , wherein microstructures of the array of microstructures are more concentrated at a center portion of the piezoelectric film than at an edge portion of the piezoelectric film.
14 . The sensor system of claim 11 , wherein:
the array of microstructures comprises:
a first set of microstructures comprising first microstructures; and
a second set of microstructures comprising second microstructures; and
the first microstructures have a larger size than the second microstructures.
15 . The sensor system of claim 14 , wherein:
the first set of microstructures is positioned at an edge portion of the piezoelectric film; and
the second set of microstructures is positioned at a center portion of the piezoelectric film.
16 . The sensor system of claim 14 , wherein:
the array of microstructures additionally comprise a third set of microstructures comprising third microstructures; and
the third microstructures have a smaller size than the first microstructures and the second microstructures.
17 . The sensor system of claim 16 , wherein:
the first microstructures of the first set of microstructures are tuned to detect first frequencies within a first biological range of interest;
the second microstructures of the second set of microstructures are tuned to detect second frequencies within a second biological range of interest, the second frequencies higher than the first frequencies; and
the third microstructures of the third set of microstructures are tuned to detect third frequencies within a third biological range of interest, the third frequencies higher than the second frequencies.
18 . The sensor system of claim 11 , further comprising:
a differential amplifier electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode and providing a differential output indicative of the detected vibrations sensed by the array of microstructures of the piezoelectric film.