Reversible nitroxide derivatives of nitroalkenes that mediate nitrosating and alkylating reactions
Various embodiments of this invention are directed to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating disease. The compositions of such embodiments include reversible nitroxide derivatives of nitroalkenes. The methods of various embodiments include administering an effective amount of any of these pharmaceutical compositions to a patient in need of treatment.
1. A composition comprising an effective amount of a fatty acid having a formula:
wherein X 1 is H, n is from 1 to 10 and m is from 1 to 10; and
a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid is esterified into a complex lipid selected from the group consisting of diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesteryl esters.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid is:
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the —NO 2 group is positioned within 7 carbons of the carboxy terminal carbon.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the —NO 2 group is positioned within 9 carbons of the carboxy terminal carbon.
6. A method of delivering nitric oxide comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a fatty acid having a formula:
wherein X 1 is H, n is from 1 to 10 and m is from 1 to 10; and
a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a nitic oxide molecule is released.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the released nitric oxide molecule induces vasodilation.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein a nitrated linoleic acid molecule is released.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the nitrated linoleic acid molecule provides protection from metabolic and inflammatory stress.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein negative side effects of a subject's gastrointestinal tract are reduced.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the side effects of the gastrointestinal tract is selected from the group consisting of diarrhea, cramping irritation, inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, and ulcers.
13. The method of claim 6 , wherein the fatty acid is:
14. The method of claim 6 , wherein the —NO 2 group is positioned within 7 carbons of the carboxy terminal carbon.
15. The method of claim 6 , wherein the —NO 2 group is positioned within 9 carbons of the carboxy terminal carbon.
16. A method of treating inflammation, obesity, metabolic syndrome, acute kidney disease, or chronic kidney disease comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a fatty acid having a formula:
wherein X 1 is H, n is from 1 to 10 and m is from 1 to 10; and
a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein a nitic oxide molecule is released.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the released nitric oxide molecule induces vasodilation.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein a nitrated linoleic acid molecule is released.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the nitrated linoleic acid molecule provides protection from metabolic and inflammatory stress.
21. The method of claim 16 , wherein negative side effects of a subject's gastrointestinal tract are reduced.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the side effects of the gastrointestinal tract is selected from the group consisting of diarrhea, cramping irritation, inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, and ulcers.
23. The method of claim 16 , wherein the fatty acid is:
24. The method of claim 16 , wherein the —NO 2 group is positioned within 7 carbons of the carboxy terminal carbon.
25. The method of claim 16 , wherein the —NO 2 group is positioned within 9 carbons of the carboxy terminal carbon.
26. A method of inducing vasodilation comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a fatty acid having a formula:
wherein X 1 is H, n is from 1 to 10 and m is from 1 to 10; and
a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein a nitic oxide molecule is released.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the released nitric oxide molecule induces vasodilation.
29. The method of claim 26 , wherein a nitrated linoleic acid molecule is released.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the nitrated linoleic acid molecule provides protection from metabolic and inflammatory stress.
31. The method of claim 26 , wherein negative side effects of a subject's gastrointestinal tract are reduced.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the side effects of the gastrointestinal tract is selected from the group consisting of diarrhea, cramping irritation, inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, and ulcers.
33. The method of claim 26 , wherein the fatty acid is:
34. The method of claim 26 , wherein the —NO 2 group is positioned within 7 carbons of the carboxy terminal carbon.
35. The method of claim 26 , wherein the —NO 2 group is positioned within 9 carbons of the carboxy terminal carbon.
36. A compound of structure:
wherein X 1 is H, n is from 1 to 10 and m is from 1 to 10; and
a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
37. The compound of claim 36 , wherein the fatty acid is:
38. The compound of claim 36 , wherein the —NO 2 group is positioned within 7 carbons of the carboxy terminal carbon.
39. The compound of claim 36 , wherein the —NO 2 group is positioned within 9 carbons of the carboxy terminal carbon.