Alternating and semi-alternating poly(ester-anhydride) copolymers
A copolymer characterized by alternating or semi-alternating ester and anhydride bonds, methods for its production and use thereof, particularly as a carrier for drug delivery, are described herein.
1. A method of preparing a poly(ester-anhydride) copolymer having alternating or semi-alternating ester and anhydride bonds comprising a structure of Formula (1)
wherein R′ and R″ are independently selected from linear or branched C 1 -C 40 alkyl, C 2 -C 40 alkenyl, and C 2 -C 40 alkynyl, and wherein each x and y is independently an integer from 1 to 5 provided that x+y is not greater than 6, and n is an integer from about 2 to about 1,000, the method comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining an activated compound of Formula (4)
b) reacting the activated compound of Formula (4) of step (a) with a compound of Formula (3)
to give a repeating unit comprising a compound of Formula (1a)
wherein each x′ and y′ is independently an integer from 0 to 5 provided that x′+y′ is not greater than 6; and
c) converting the repeating unit of step (b) to an alternating or semi-alternating poly(ester-anhydride) copolymer of Formula (1).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (3) is ricinoleic acid and the compound of Formula (4) is sebacic acid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein x and y, independently for each occurrence, is an integer selected from 1 and 2.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein reacting the activated compound of Formula (4) with a compound of Formula (3) gives a repeating unit comprising at least one of a compound of Formula (5), a compound of Formula (6) and a mixture thereof
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining an activated compound of Formula (4) comprises treating a compound of Formula (4) with an activating agent selected from the group consisting of acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, phosgene, diphosgene, oxalyl chloride, acetyl chloride and thionyl chloride.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the activating agent is acetic anhydride and the activated compound of Formula (4) is a polyanhydride of Formula (4p)
wherein R″ is as defined in claim 1 and n′ is integer from about 2 to about 500.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (3) is reacted with the activated compound of Formula (4) until at least 90% of the compound of Formula (3) is consumed.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula (3) and the activated compound of Formula (4) are reacted under conditions suitable to substantially consume all of the compound of Formula (3), wherein the conditions comprise heating at a temperature of about 120-200° C., exposure to a vacuum, use of a catalyst or a combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (c) comprises treating the reaction mixture with an activating agent under conditions suitable to form the poly(ester-anhydride) copolymer of Formula (1), wherein the activating agent is selected from the group consisting of acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, phosgene, diphosgene, oxalyl chloride, acetyl chloride and thionyl chloride; or wherein the conditions suitable to form the poly(ester-anhydride) copolymer of Formula (1) comprise heating at a temperature of about 100-200° C., exposure to a vacuum of from about 15 to about 30 mmHg, or a combination thereof.
10. A poly(ester-anhydride) copolymer having alternating or semi-alternating ester and anhydride bonds comprising a structure of Formula (1)
wherein the copolymer is formed by monomers of Formulae (3) and (4) at a molar ratio of 2:1:
wherein the copolymer comprises a repeating unit comprising a monomer of Formula (3), a monomer of Formula (4), and a monomer of Formula (3) linked by two consecutive ester bonds,
wherein R′ and R″ are independently selected from linear or branched C 1 -C 40 alkyl, C 2 -C 40 alkenyl, and C 2 -C 40 alkynyl, and wherein each x and y is independently an integer from 1 to 5 provided that x+y is not greater than 6, and n is an integer from about 2 to about 1,000.
11. The copolymer of claim 10 , wherein the monomers of Formula (3) comprise ricinoleic acid and the monomers of Formula (4) comprise sebacic acid.
12. The copolymer of claim 10 which is stable for at least 6 months at room temperatures.
13. A composition comprising the copolymer of claim 10 and at least one agent, wherein the at least one agent is a pharmaceutical agent, a diagnostic agent, a cosmetic agent or a nutraceutical agent.
14. A poly(ester-anhydride) copolymer having alternating or semi-alternating ester and anhydride bonds comprising a structure of Formula (1)
wherein the copolymer is formed by monomers of Formulae (3) and (4) at a molar ratio of 1.5:1:
wherein the copolymer comprises two repeating units, wherein the first repeating unit comprises a monomer of Formula (3), a monomer of Formula (4), and a monomer of Formula (3) linked by two consecutive ester bonds, and wherein the second repeating unit comprises a monomer of Formula (3) and a monomer of Formula (4) linked by an ester bond,
wherein R′ and R″ are independently selected from linear or branched C 1 -C40 alkyl, C 2 -C 40 alkenyl, and C 2 -C 40 alkynyl, and wherein each x and y is independently an integer from 1 to 5 provided that x+y is not greater than 6, and n is an integer from about 2 to about 1,000.
15. The copolymer of claim 14 , wherein the ratio between the first repeating unit and the second repeating unit is about 1:1.
16. The copolymer of claim 14 , comprising an anhydride bond between repeating units, wherein the repeating units are arranged in the copolymer in an alternating or semi-alternating order.
17. The copolymer of claim 14 , wherein the monomers of Formula (3) comprise ricinoleic acid and the monomers of Formula (4) comprise sebacic acid.
18. The copolymer of claim 14 which is stable for at least 6 months at room temperatures.
19. A composition comprising the copolymer of claim 14 and at least one agent, wherein the at least one agent is a pharmaceutical agent, a diagnostic agent, a cosmetic agent or a nutraceutical agent.