Method and apparatus for estimating initial condition of battery

1. An apparatus for estimating an initial condition of a battery, comprising:

a processor configured to:

calculate a stabilizing time of a lithium (Li) ion concentration in the battery;

select an estimation model from estimation models each having an established stabilizing time based on the stabilizing time corresponding to one of the established stabilizing times; and

estimate the initial condition of the battery to charge the battery using the selected estimation model,

wherein the estimation models include an electrochemical model and an open circuit voltage (OCV) estimation method, or a combination of an electrochemical model and an open circuit voltage (OCV) estimation method.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a memory configured to store instructions,

wherein the processor is further configured to:

execute the instructions to configure the processor to calculate the stabilizing time of the Li ion concentration in the battery;

select the estimation model based on the stabilizing time; and

estimate the initial condition of the battery to charge the battery using the selected estimation model.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor comprises:

a stabilizing time calculator configured to calculate the stabilizing time of the Li ion concentration in the battery;

a model selector configured to select the estimation model based on the stabilizing time; and

an initial condition estimator configured to estimate the initial condition of the battery to charge the battery using the selected estimation model.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the stabilizing time calculator calculates a stabilizing time during which either one or both of the Li ion concentration in an electrode of the battery and the Li ion concentration in an electrolyte is stabilized from a use suspension time point of the battery.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the stabilizing time calculator calculates the stabilizing time based on any one or any combination of two or more of an diffusion coefficient of Li ions in a anode, a diffusion coefficient of the Li ions in the electrolyte, a particle size of the electrode, a thickness of the electrode, a battery state of charge (SOC) at the use suspension time point of the battery, and a temperature.

6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the model selector selects the estimation model at a battery reoperation time point based on the stabilizing time.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein, in response to the battery reoperation time point being within the stabilizing time, the model selector selects the electrochemical model as the estimation model.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the initial condition estimator calculates either one or both of battery SOC and the Li ion concentration at a use suspension time point of the battery, and estimates the initial condition of the battery using either one or both of an electrode reaction relationship and a concentration gradient of Li ions during a battery reoperation time.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the initial condition estimator functionalizes the electrochemical model as a function of a battery reoperation time at a use suspension time point of the battery.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein, in response to a concentration gradient of Li ions being a set value or less, the initial condition estimator estimates the initial condition of the battery based on the battery SOC at a use suspension time point of the battery.

11. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein, in response to the battery reoperation time point being after the stabilizing time, the model selector selects the OCV estimation method as the estimation model, and

the initial condition estimator measures an OCV, and estimates the initial condition of the battery corresponding to the measured OCV by applying the OCV estimation method.

12. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein, in response to the battery reoperation time point being within a time period of a stabilizing time boundary, the model selector selects both of the electrochemical model and the OCV estimation method as the estimation models, and the initial condition estimator applies a weighted value to each of the electrochemical model and the OCV estimation method according to a proximity degree of the battery reoperation time point.

13. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the initial condition estimator estimates the initial condition of the battery based on a heat management condition comprising any one or any combination of two or more of a cell temperature, a cooling state, and a heating state.

14. A method for estimating an initial condition of a battery, comprising:

calculating a stabilizing time of a lithium (Li) ion concentration in the battery;

selecting an estimation model from estimation models each having an established stabilizing time based on the stabilizing time corresponding to one of the established stabilizing times; and

estimating the initial condition of the battery to charge the battery using the selected estimation model,

wherein the estimation models include an electrochemical model and an open circuit voltage (OCV) estimation method, or a combination of an electrochemical model and an open circuit voltage (OCV) estimation method.

15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the calculating of the stabilizing time comprises calculating a time during which either one or both of the Li ion concentration in an electrode of the battery and the Li ion concentration in an electrolyte is stabilized from a use suspension time point of the battery.

16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the calculating of the stabilizing time comprises calculating the stabilizing time based on any one or any combination of two or more of a diffusion coefficient of Li ions in an anode, a diffusion coefficient of the Li ions in the electrolyte, a particle size of the electrode, a thickness of the electrode, a battery state of charge (SOC) at the use suspension time point of the battery, and a temperature.

17. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the selecting of the estimation model comprises selecting the estimation model at a battery reoperation time point based on the stabilizing time.

18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein, in response to the battery reoperation time point being within the stabilizing time, the selecting of the estimation model comprises selecting the electrochemical model as the estimation model.

19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the estimating of the initial condition comprises calculating either one or both of battery SOC and the Li ion concentration at a use suspension time point of the battery, and estimating the initial condition of the battery using either one or both of an electrode reaction relationship and a concentration gradient of Li ions during a battery reoperation time.

20. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the estimating of the initial condition comprises functionalizing the electrochemical model as a function of a battery reoperation time at a use suspension time point of the battery.

21. The method according to claim 18 , wherein, in response to a concentration gradient of Li ions being a set value or less, the estimating of the initial condition comprises estimating the initial condition of the battery based on the battery SOC at a use suspension time point of the battery.

22. The method according to claim 17 , wherein, in response to the battery reoperation time point being after the stabilizing time, the selecting of the estimation model comprises selecting the OCV estimation method as the estimation model, and

the estimating of the initial condition comprises measuring an OCV, and estimating the initial condition of the battery corresponding to the measured OCV by applying the OCV estimation method.

23. The apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein, in response to the battery reoperation time point being within a time period of a stabilizing time boundary, the selecting of the estimation model comprises selecting both of the electrochemical model and the OCV estimation method as the estimation models, and

the estimating of the initial condition comprises applying a weighted value to each of the electrochemical model and the OCV estimation method according to a proximity degree of the battery reoperation time point.

24. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the estimating of the initial condition comprises estimating the initial condition of the battery based on a heat management condition comprising any one or any combination of two or more of a cell temperature, a cooling state, and a heating state.

25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method of claim 14 .