Use of an indicator as a marker in foam concentrates
Provided are fire-fighting foam concentrate compositions incorporating multiple dye indicator agents, fire-fighting foams formed from said compositions, and to methods for evaluating fire-fighting foam concentrates. The compositions are useful as a complex anti-counterfeiting system and also allow for the differentiation of different types of authentic concentrates.
1. A foamable fire-fighting composition comprising a foam-forming agent and a dye component, wherein said dye component comprises at least one of:
(i) a first luminescent dye that luminesces at a first wavelength when stimulated by ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of from 200 nm to 300 nm; and a second luminescent dye that luminesces at a second, different wavelength when stimulated by ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of from 300 nm to 400 nm; and
(ii) at least two halochromic substances selected from thymolphthalein, methyl orange, cresol red, phenyl red, o-cresolphthalein, methyl red, phenolphthalein, thymol blue, and bromothymol blue.
2. The foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 1 , wherein the dye component further comprises at least one visible dye.
3. The foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 1 , wherein the dye component comprises at least two halochromic substances selected from thymolphthalein, methyl orange, cresol red, phenyl red, o-cresolphthalein, methyl red, phenolphthalein, thymol blue, and bromothymol blue.
4. A foamable fire-fighting composition comprising a foam-forming agent and a dye component, which comprises a first luminescent dye that luminesces at a first wavelength when stimulated by ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of from 200 nm to 300 nm; and a second luminescent dye that luminesces at a second, different wavelength when stimulated by ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of from 300 nm to 400 nm.
5. The foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 4 , wherein said dye component further comprises at least one halochromic substance.
6. The foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 4 , wherein the foam-forming agent comprises at least one fluoropolymer and/or at least one fluorosurfactant.
7. A foamable fire-fighting composition comprising a foam-forming agent and distinguishable dye components, wherein the distinguishable dye components comprise at least one luminescent dye, at least one visible dye and at least one halochromic substance.
8. The foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 7 , comprising a first luminescent dye, which luminesces when stimulated by ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of about 200 nm to about 400 nm; and
at least one halochromic substance comprising one or more of thymolphthalein, methyl orange, cresol red, phenyl red, o-cresolphthalein, methyl red, phenolphthalein, thymol blue and bromothymol blue.
9. The foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 7 , wherein the at least one halochromic substance comprises thymolphthalein and/or phenolphthalein.
10. The foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 7 , wherein the at least one luminescent dye comprises one or more of benzenesulfonic acid-2,2′-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyldi-2,1-ethenediyl)bis-disodium salt; hexasodium 2,2′-[vinylene-bis[(3-sulphonato-4,1-phenylene)imino[6-(diethyl-amino)-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl]imino]]bis(benzene-1,4-disulphonate); fluorescein and a biphenyl stilbene fluorescent dye.
11. The foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 10 , wherein the biphenyl stilbene fluorescent dye absorbs light at a wavelength of 300 nm to 400 nm and emits light at a wavelength of 400 nm to 500 nm.
12. The foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 7 , wherein the foam-forming agent comprises at least one fluoropolymer and/or at least one fluorosurfactant.
13. A fire-fighting foam formed from the foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 1 .
14. A fire-fighting foam formed from the foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 4 .
15. A fire-fighting foam composition formed from the foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 5 .
16. A fire-fighting foam formed from the foamable fire-fighting composition of claim 7 .
17. A method for authenticating a foamable fire-fighting composition comprising:
a) providing a foamable fire-fighting composition comprising a blend of a foam-forming agent and a dye component, which comprises at least one of
(1) a first luminescent dye that emits light at a first wavelength and a second luminescent dye that emits light at a second, different wavelength; wherein the first luminescent dye luminesces when stimulated by ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of from 200 nm to 300 nm, and the second luminescent dye luminesces when stimulated by ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of from greater than 300 nm to 400 nm; and
(2) at least one luminescent dye that luminesces when stimulated by ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of from 200 nm to 400 nm and at least one halochromic substance, wherein said halochromic substance comprises thymolphthalein, methyl orange, cresol red, phenyl red, o-cresolphthalein, methyl red, phenolphthalein, thymol blue, bromothymol blue and mixtures of two or more thereof;
b) irradiating the foamable fire-fighting composition with ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of from 200 nm to 400 nm;
c) in response to said irradiation, determining the presence of an emission from at least one luminescent dye; and
d)(1) optionally repeating steps b) and c) at least once to determine the presence of a second luminescent dye; and/or
d)(2) contacting the foamable fire-fighting composition with a pH modifying substance sufficient to detect the presence of one of the at least one halochromic substance.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said dye component comprises at least one fluorescent dye that luminesces when stimulated by ultraviolet radiation and at least one halochromic substance, and wherein step d)(2) is conducted.