Netting, crop cover, and ground cover materials
The invention relates to crop netting materials, crop cover materials, and ground cover materials for agricultural applications, which is knitted, woven or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, multifilament yarn, or tape or combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising at least one pigment such that the monofilament, multifilament yarn, or tape, transmit solar radiation in the visible wavelength range of about 420 to 720 nm at a level similar to the level that the materials transmit solar radiation in the infra-red wavelength ranges of about 700 to about 1000 nm and 1500 to about 1600 nm. The materials also absorb solar radiation in the UV wavelength range of about 300 to about 380 nm.
1. A crop netting material which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, multifilament yarn, or tape or combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising at least one pigment such that the monofilament, multifilament yarn, or tape:
across a UV wavelength range about 300 to about 380 nm:
absorbs at least about 55% solar radiation on average, and
transmits less than about 30% solar radiation on average;
across a visible wavelength range about 420 to about 700 nm:
transmits at least about 10% solar radiation on average, and
reflects at least about 10% of solar radiation on average;
across an infrared wavelength range about 700 to about 1000 nm: transmits between about 15% and about 80% of solar radiation on average;
across an infrared wavelength range of 1500 to 1600 nm: transmits at least about 15% to about 90% solar radiation on average; and
across an infrared wavelength range about 700 to about 1000 nm:
transmits not more than about 9 percentage points on average more than, and
transmits not less than about 9 percentage points on average less than,
the solar radiation transmission across said visible wavelength range about 420 to about 700 nm; and
across an infrared wavelength range about 1500 to about 1600 nm:
transmits not more than about 9 percentage points on average more than, and
transmits not less than about 9 percentage points on average less than,
the solar radiation transmission across said infrared wavelength range about 700 to about 1000 nm;
wherein the netting material has a cover factor of less than 80%;
wherein said pigment comprises titanium dioxide having an average particle size greater than 0.5 μm; and
wherein said titanium dioxide comprises titanium dioxide coated with a coating comprising silica, alumina, or a combination thereof.
2. The crop netting material according to claim 1 which across a UV wavelength range about 300 to about 380 nm:
absorbs at least about 60% solar radiation on average, and
transmits less than about 30% solar radiation on average.
3. The crop netting material according to claim 1 which across a visible wavelength range about 420 to about 700 nm: transmits at least about 20% solar radiation on average.
4. The crop netting material according to claim 1 which across an infrared wavelength range about 700 to about 1000 nm: transmits between about 20% and about 80% of solar radiation on average.
5. The crop netting material according to claim 1 which across an infrared wavelength range about 700 to about 1000 nm: transmits between about 20% and about 70% of solar radiation on average.
6. The crop netting material according to claim 1 which across an infrared wavelength range of 1500 to 1600 nm: transmits at least about 15% to about 85% solar radiation on average.
7. The crop netting material according to claim 1 which across an infrared wavelength range of 1500 to 1600 nm: transmits at least about 20% to about 80% solar radiation on average.
8. The crop netting material according to claim 1 which across an infrared wavelength range about 1500 to about 1600 nm:
transmits not more than about 8 percentage points on average more than, and
transmits not less than about 8 percentage points on average less than,
the solar radiation transmission across said infrared wavelength range about 700 to about 1000 nm.
9. The crop netting material according to claim 1 which across an infrared wavelength range about 700 to about 1000 nm:
transmits not more than about 7 percentage points on average more than, and
transmits not less than about 7 percentage points on average less than,
the solar radiation transmission across said visible wavelength range about 420 to about 700 nm.
10. The crop netting material according to claim 1 wherein said pigment further comprises at least one white pigment.
11. The crop netting material according to claim 10 wherein said pigment further comprises at least one inorganic pigment.
12. The crop netting material according to claim 10 wherein said pigment further comprises a white zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, titanium, or potassium pigment or a combination thereof.
13. The crop netting material according to claim 1 wherein said titanium dioxide has an average particle size from about 0.7 μm to about 1.8 μm.
14. The crop netting material according to claim 1 , wherein said titanium dioxide comprises titanium dioxide in a rutile crystal form.
15. The crop netting material according to claim 1 , wherein said titanium dioxide comprises doped titanium dioxide.
16. The crop netting material according claim 1 formed from a resin comprising at least 1% by weight of said pigment.
17. The crop netting material according to claim 1 , wherein the cover factor is less than 70%.
18. The crop netting material according to claim 1 , wherein the cover factor of less than 50%.
19. A crop cover comprising:
a crop netting having a cover factor of less than 80%, the crop netting including:
a synthetic monofilament, multifilament yarn, or tape or combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising at least one pigment such that the monofilament, multifilament yarn, or tape in which the cover factor, as defined by overall area of the netting material which comprises knitted, woven, or non-woven monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination, forming the netting itself as ratio to the air space in between the netting material:
across a UV wavelength range about 300 to about 380 nm:
absorbs at least about 55% solar radiation on average, and
transmits less than about 30% solar radiation on average;
across a visible wavelength range about 420 to about 700 nm:
transmits at least about 10% solar radiation on average, and
reflects at least about 10% of solar radiation on average;
across an infrared wavelength range about 700 to about 1000 nm: transmits between about 15% and about 80% of solar radiation on average;
across an infrared wavelength range of 1500 to 1600 nm: transmits at least about 15% to about 90% solar radiation on average; and
across an infrared wavelength range about 700 to about 1000 nm:
transmits not more than about 9 percentage points on average more than, and
transmits not less than about 9 percentage points on average less than,
the solar radiation transmission across said visible wavelength range about 420 to about 700 nm; and
across an infrared wavelength range about 1500 to about 1600 nm:
transmits not more than about 9 percentage points on average more than, and
transmits not less than about 9 percentage points on average less than,
the solar radiation transmission across said infrared wavelength range about 700 to about 1000 nm;
wherein said pigment comprises titanium dioxide having an average particle size greater than 0.5 μm; and
wherein said titanium dioxide comprises titanium dioxide coated with a coating comprising silica, alumina, or a combination thereof.
20. The crop cover in claim 1 , wherein the crop netting is configured to cover and/or be placed adjacent to a plant as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting.
21. The crop netting material according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one pigment further comprises a colored pigment.
22. The crop netting material according to claim 1 , wherein said titanium dioxide is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 4% weight of the crop netting material.