Downhole tool for fracturing a formation containing hydrocarbons
An example tool for fracturing a formation includes a body having an elongated shape and fracturing devices arranged along the body. Each fracturing device includes an antenna to transmit electromagnetic radiation and one or more pads that are movable to contact the formation. Each pad includes an enabler that heats in response to the electromagnetic radiation to cause fractures in the formation.
1. A tool for fracturing a formation containing hydrocarbons, the tool comprising:
a body having an elongated shape; and
fracturing devices arranged along the body, each fracturing device comprising:
an antenna to transmit electromagnetic radiation; and
one or more pads that are movable to contact the formation, each pad comprising an enabler that heats in response to the electromagnetic radiation to cause fractures in the formation, the enabler having a structure that is powdery or granular to enable the one or more pads to conform at least partly to a surface of the formation, and a pad among the one or more pads being mounted to a corresponding fracturing device to enable at least partial rotation of the pad relative to the surface of the formation.
2. The tool of claim 1 , where the electromagnetic radiation comprises microwave radiation.
3. The tool of claim 1 , where the electromagnetic radiation comprises radio frequency radiation.
4. The tool of claim 1 , where the enabler comprises activated carbon.
5. The tool of claim 4 , where the enabler further comprises one or more of steel, iron, or aluminum.
6. The tool of claim 1 , where the fracturing devices are each rotatable around the body and relative to a wall of a wellbore in the formation.
7. The tool of claim 1 , where the enabler has a composition that supports heating up to 800° Fahrenheit or 426.7° Celsius.
8. The tool of claim 1 , where the body comprises multiple segments, each of the multiple segments having one of the fracturing devices; and
where the body comprises multiple locations at which the body is flexible.
9. The tool of claim 1 , where the body comprises multiple segments, each of the multiple segments having one of the fracturing devices; and
where the body is configured for addition or removal of one or more segments.
10. The tool of claim 1 , where the one or more pads are two pads.
11. The tool of claim 1 , further comprising:
a source of electromagnetic radiation to provide the electromagnetic radiation to the antenna.
12. The tool of claim 11 , where the source is located inside a wellbore in the formation.
13. The tool of claim 11 , where the source is located on a surface above a wellbore in the formation.
14. The tool of claim 1 , further comprising:
acoustic sensors to detect a speed at which sound travels through the formation; and
one or more processing devices to determine a property of the formation based on the speed detected.
15. The tool of claim 14 , where the property comprises a stress level of the formation.
16. A tool for fracturing a formation containing hydrocarbons, the tool comprising:
a body having an elongated shape; and
fracturing devices arranged along the body, each fracturing device comprising:
one or more pads that are movable to contact the formation, each pad being controllable to apply heat to the formation to cause fractures in the formation, the enabler having a structure that is powdery or granular to enable the one or more pads to conform at least partly to a surface of the formation, and a pad among the one or more pads being mounted to a corresponding fracturing device to enable at least partial rotation of the pad relative to the surface of the formation.
17. The tool of claim 16 , wherein the one or more pad are heated using electromagnetic radiation.
18. The tool of claim 17 , where the electromagnetic radiation comprises microwave radiation.
19. The tool of claim 17 , where the electromagnetic radiation comprises radio frequency radiation.
20. The tool of claim 16 , wherein each pad is connectable to an arm that is extendible away from the body and retractable towards the body.
21. The tool of claim 16 , where the enabler comprises activated carbon.
22. The tool of claim 16 , where the enabler comprises one or more of steel, iron, or aluminum.
23. The tool of claim 16 , where the fracturing devices are each rotatable around the body and relative to a wall of a wellbore in the formation.
24. The tool of claim 16 , where the enabler has a composition that supports heating up to 800° Fahrenheit or 426.7° Celsius.
25. The tool of claim 16 , where the body comprises multiple segments, each of the multiple segments having one of the fracturing devices; and
where the body comprises multiple locations at which the body is flexible.
26. The tool of claim 16 , where the body comprises multiple segments, each of the multiple segments having one of the fracturing devices; and
where the body is configured for addition or removal of one or more segments.
27. The tool of claim 16 , where the one or more pads are two pads.
28. The tool of claim 16 , further comprising:
a source of electromagnetic radiation to provide electromagnetic radiation to heat the enabler.
29. The tool of claim 28 , where the source is located inside a wellbore in the formation.
30. The tool of claim 28 , where the source is located on a surface above a wellbore in the formation.
31. The tool of claim 16 , further comprising:
acoustic sensors to detect a speed at which sound travels through the formation; and
one or more processing devices to determine a property of the formation based on the speed detected.
32. The tool of claim 31 , where the property comprises a stress level of the formation.