Method of reducing loads acting on a wind turbine yaw system
Method of reducing loads acting on a wind turbine yaw system in a wind turbine comprising a nacelle ( 2 ), a rotor which comprises at least one rotor blade ( 3 ) with a pitch control system and further comprising a yaw system that comprises the steps of detecting a yaw misalignment (α), enabling a yaw maneuver and performing a pitch control in order to reduce a yaw moment (Mz) acting on the wind turbine once the yaw misalignment (α) is detected and prior to enabling the yaw maneuver. Thus, when a yaw movement to reduce the yaw misalignment is commanded, the yaw moment (Mz) due to aerodynamic forces has been reduced by means of the pitch control and undesired yaw movements are prevented.
1. A method of reducing loads acting on a yaw system of a wind turbine wherein the method comprises the steps of:
detecting a yaw misalignment,
performing a pitch control in a pitch control system of at least one blade of a rotor acting on the wind turbine once the yaw misalignment is detected, and
enabling a yaw maneuver, the yaw maneuver comprising starting drive units of the yaw system of the wind turbine,
wherein the pitch control is performed prior to enabling the yaw maneuver, and wherein the pitch control comprises
establishing a pitch set point for reducing an estimated yaw moment to a point that can be handled by the drive units of the yaw system, and
setting a pitch angle of the at least one blade to the established set point and thereby reducing the yaw moment acting on the wind turbine and induced by aerodynamic forces acting on the at least one blade of the wind turbine.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the pitch control is a collective pitch actuation that sets a new pitch angle set point that is the same for all the rotor blades of the at least one rotor blade.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the new pitch angle set point is calculated as an actual pitch angle set point plus an increment value.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the increment value of the new pitch angle set point is a predetermined value.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein the new pitch angle set point depends on at least one of the following:
Wind speed,
Electrical power generated by the wind turbine,
Turbulence intensity,
Yaw misalignment, and
Wind direction.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the pitch control is an individual pitch control that sets different pitch angle set points to each blade of the at least one rotor blade according to its azimuthal position.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the pitch angle set points of each blade are predetermined values according to its azimuthal position.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein the pitch angle set points of each blade are values according to its azimuthal position that depend on at least one of the following:
Wind speed,
Electrical power generated by the wind turbine,
Turbulence intensity,
Yaw misalignment, and
Wind direction.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein the pitch angle set points are determined in order to generate a counter moment that compensates, at least in part, the yaw moment acting on the wind turbine.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the yaw maneuver is enabled when the yaw misalignment is over a first yaw misalignment threshold.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the yaw maneuver is enabled when the yaw misalignment is over a second yaw misalignment threshold bigger than the first yaw misalignment threshold in conditions where the yaw misalignment is bigger than the first yaw misalignment threshold but there is not substantial impact on energy production thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising a step of determining the yaw moment acting on the wind turbine.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the pitch control system calculates at least a pitch angle set point based on the determined yaw moment.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the yaw moment acting on the wind turbine is estimated from at least one of:
Wind speed,
Wind direction,
Electrical power generated by the wind turbine,
Pitch angle of the blades of the at least one rotor blade,
Inflow angle,
Orography,
Yaw misalignment, and
Yaw movements.
15. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of:
gradually releasing brakes of a yaw retention sub-system until the start of a yaw movement is detected.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the yaw moment acting on the wind turbine is estimated from a remaining braking level of the brakes and a direction of the yaw movements.
17. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of performing a pitch control in order to reduce a yaw moment prior to enabling the yaw maneuver is performed when the determined yaw moment is over a yaw moment threshold.
18. The method of claim 12 wherein the yaw moment is determined based on an error calculated between a predetermined yaw speed and an actual yaw speed once the yaw maneuver has been enabled.
19. The method of claim 12 wherein the yaw moment is determined based on the power consumption required to keep the yaw rotation speed once the yaw maneuver has been enabled.
20. The method of claim 1 further comprising a step of adjusting the pressure of a hydraulic brake system according to the yaw rotational speed once the yaw maneuver has been enabled.
21. The method of claim 1 wherein the yaw maneuver comprises the steps of:
releasing brakes of a yaw retention sub-system,
starting drive units of a yaw drive sub-system,
stopping the drive units once the nacelle is aligned to a wind direction, and
applying the brakes.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the pitch control is performed after at least partially releasing brakes of the yaw retention sub-system.
23. The method of claim 1 further comprising the following steps:
comparing a wind speed value with a wind speed threshold value and,
performing the pitch control in order to reduce the yaw moment acting on the wind turbine when the wind speed value is over the wind speed threshold value.
24. The method of claim 1 further comprising the following steps:
comparing a signal indicative of turbulence with a turbulence threshold value; and
performing the pitch control in order to reduce the yaw moment acting on the wind turbine when the signal indicative of turbulence is over the turbulence threshold value.
25. The method of claim 1 wherein the pitch control performed in order to reduce a yaw moment acting on the wind turbine is active until the yaw maneuver has finished.
26. The method of claim 1 wherein the pitch control is performed based on an error calculated between a yaw speed set point and an actual yaw speed once the yaw maneuver has been enabled.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the pitch control is an individual pitch control that sets different pitch angle set points to each blade of the at least one rotor blade according to its azimuthal position.