First wall conditioning in a fusion reactor vessel
An apparatus for protecting an interior surface of a fusion reactor vessel. The apparatus comprises a power supply operably connected to an electrode for insertion into the vessel. The apparatus supports a solid material within the vessel, and is configured such that power supplied to the electrode within the vessel causes a plasma located in proximity to the solid material to sputter the solid material in order to deposit a protective material on said interior surface.
1. A fusion reactor vessel plasma generating apparatus, comprising:
a support arm configured for insertion into the reactor vessel via a port, the support arm comprising:
an RF electrode operably coupled to an RF power supply and configured to generate a plasma when power is supplied to the RF electrode from the power supply; and
one or more filaments operably coupled to one or more further power supplies, wherein the one or more filaments are configured to provide electrons to the plasma,
wherein the support arm places the RF electrode and the one or more filaments within an interior of the reactor vessel.
2. A fusion reactor vessel plasma generating method, comprising:
inserting a support arm through a port in the reactor vessel;
generating a plasma with an RF discharge of an RF electrode supported on the support arm and within the reactor vessel, the RF electrode operably coupled to an RF power supply; and
concurrently with the generating, supplying a current to a filament on the support arm and within the reactor vessel and providing electrons from the filament to the plasma.
3. A fusion reactor vessel sputtering assembly comprising:
a support arm configured for insertion into the reactor vessel via a port, arm comprising:
an RF electrode operably coupled to an RF power supply and configured to generate a plasma when power is supplied to the RF electrode from the power supply;
a crucible supporting a material, the crucible operatively coupled to the RF electrode, such that the plasma generated by the RF electrode sputters the material; and
one or more filaments operably coupled to one or more further power supplies, wherein the one or more filaments are configured to provide electrons to the plasma,
wherein the support arm places the RF electrode, the crucible, and the one or more filaments within an interior of the reactor vessel.
4. An assembly according to claim 3 , wherein the material comprises a boron-containing molecule.
5. An assembly according to claim 4 , wherein the material comprises elemental boron or boron nitride.
6. An assembly according to claim 3 , wherein the material comprises lithium.
7. An assembly according to claim 3 , wherein the RF electrode comprises tungsten, graphite, or other electrically conducting material.
8. An assembly according to claim 3 , wherein the RF electrode comprises one or more of
a mesh supported above the crucible or a dish in which the crucible is supported.
9. An assembly according to claim 8 , wherein the RF electrode comprises the mesh and the dish.
10. An assembly according to claim 3 , further comprising a gas dispenser configured to increase a local pressure in the vicinity of the RF electrode.
11. An assembly according to claim 3 , further comprising a chimney located above the RF electrode.
12. A fusion reactor vessel comprising: a reactor vessel having a port and the assembly according to claim 3 .