Fan blade with variable thickness composite cover
A fan blade having an opening on one side exposing one or more cavities, and a composite cover that fits over the opening, is provided. The composite cover has a variable thickness resulting from the layering of cover plies having different shapes, and is designed to achieve a lightweight fan blade having an optimal level of stiffness.
1. A fan blade comprising:
a body having a pressure side, a suction side adjoining the pressure side along a fan blade leading edge and a fan blade trailing edge, the suction side defining an opening having a perimeter;
a cover located over the opening and comprising a cover leading edge, a cover trailing edge, a cover bottom edge and a cover top edge, the cover comprising a plurality of inner plies located between an outermost ply and an innermost ply, the outermost ply and the innermost ply having an outer dimension that is the same as the perimeter of the opening and the plurality of inner plies have varying perimeters such that the cover is provided with a varying thickness in order to obtain higher or lower natural frequencies of different vibration modes; and
at least one hollow cavity located within the opening between the cover and the pressure side of the body.
2. The fan blade of claim 1 wherein:
the cover is configured to bend in synchronization with the body.
3. The fan blade of claim 1 wherein:
the cover is thinnest near the cover leading edge and the cover top edge.
4. The fan blade of claim 1 wherein:
the cover is most flexible near the cover leading edge and the cover top edge.
5. The fan blade of claim 1 wherein:
each of the plurality of inner plies have a perimeter that is less than the perimeter of the opening.
6. The fan blade of claim 1 wherein:
the plurality of inner plies, the outermost ply and the innermost ply are made of a composite material layered up and cured together.
7. The fan blade of claim 1 wherein:
the cover has zones located away from the perimeter of the cover that are thinner than zones located near the perimeter of the cover.
8. The fan blade of claim 1 , wherein the outermost ply is a single ply and the innermost ply is a single ply.
9. The fan blade as in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of inner plies, the outermost ply and the innermost ply are formed from a carbon fiber reinforced polymer.
10. The fan blade as in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of inner plies, the outermost ply and the innermost ply are formed from a glass fiber reinforced polymer.
11. The fan blade as in claim 1 , wherein a protective coating is applied to the cover.
12. A method for fabricating a fan blade of a turbofan engine comprising the steps of:
manufacturing a body including a pressure side and a suction side, the pressure side and the suction side being disposed between and connected to a fan blade leading edge and a fan blade trailing edge, one of the pressure side or the suction side including an opening communicating with one or more cavities;
covering the opening with a cover, the cover comprising a cover leading edge, a cover bottom edge and a cover trailing edge, the cover comprising a plurality of inner plies located between an outermost ply and an innermost ply, the outermost ply and the innermost ply having an outer dimension that is the same as the perimeter of the opening and the plurality of inner plies have varying perimeters such that the cover is provided with a varying thickness in order to obtain higher or lower natural frequencies of different vibration modes; and
wherein at least one hollow cavity is located within the opening between the cover and a pressure side or a suction side of the fan blade when the cover is covering the opening.
13. The method as in claim 12 , wherein the plurality of inner plies, the outermost ply and the innermost ply are formed from a carbon fiber reinforced polymer.
14. The method as in claim 12 , wherein the plurality of inner plies, the outermost ply and the innermost ply are formed from a glass fiber reinforced polymer.
15. The method as in claim 12 , wherein a protective coating is applied to the cover.