Gas turbine engine with transcritical vapor cycle cooling
A gas turbine engine has a compressor section, a combustor, and a turbine section. An associated fluid is to be cooled and an associated fluid is to be heated. A transcritical vapor cycle heats the fluid to be heated, and cools the fluid to be cooled. The transcritical vapor cycle includes a gas cooler in which the fluid to be heated is heated by a refrigerant in the transcritical vapor cycle. An evaporator heat exchanger at which the fluid to be cooled is cooled by the refrigerant in the transcritical vapor cycle. A compressor upstream of the gas cooler compresses the refrigerant to a pressure above a critical point for the refrigerant. An expansion device expands the refrigerant downstream of the gas cooler, with the evaporator heat exchanger being downstream of the expansion device, and such that the refrigerant passing through the gas cooler to heat the fluid to be heated is generally above the critical point.
1. A gas turbine engine comprising:
a compressor section, a combustor, and a turbine section;
an associated fluid to be cooled, an associated fluid to be heated, and a transcritical vapor cycle for heating said fluid to be heated, and for cooling said fluid to be cooled, said transcritical vapor cycle including a gas cooler, in which said fluid to be heated is heated by a refrigerant in said transcritical vapor cycle and an evaporator heat exchanger at which said fluid to be cooled is cooled by the refrigerant in said transcritical vapor cycle, a compressor upstream of said gas cooler for compressing the refrigerant to a pressure above a critical point for the refrigerant, and an expansion device for expanding the refrigerant downstream of said gas cooler, with said evaporator heat exchanger being downstream of said expansion device, and such that the refrigerant passing through said gas cooler to heat said fluid to be heated is generally above the critical point;
wherein said fluid to be heated is fuel passing to said combustor;
wherein a return line downstream of said gas cooler for returning the fuel to a fuel tank and at least one return line heat exchanger provided on said return line to cool said fuel before being returned to said fuel tank;
wherein a precooling heat exchanger is positioned between the fuel tank and said gas cooler to precool the fuel before the fuel is heated in said gas cooler; and
wherein said precooling heat exchanger is cooled by air from at least one of an air cycle machine, and ram cooling air.
2. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said fluid to be cooled is a cooling fluid for a component on the gas turbine engine.
3. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 2 , wherein said component to be cooled is electronics.
4. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said return line heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger cooled by ram cooling air.
5. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 4 , wherein said return line heat exchanger includes a second heat exchanger cooled by the air from the air cycle machine.
6. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said return line heat exchanger is cooled by the air from the air cycle machine.
7. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said expansion device is a turbo expander.
8. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 7 , wherein said turbo expander is configured to drive a shaft to provide drive input to said compressor.
9. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said expansion device is a fixed expansion device.
10. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said transcritical vapor cycle is provided with a downstream heat exchanger downstream of said gas cooler for cooling the refrigerant before the refrigerant reaches said expansion device.
11. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 10 , wherein said downstream heat exchanger is cooled by the air from the air cycle machine.
12. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 11 , wherein said downstream heat exchanger includes a second heat exchanger cooled by ram air.
13. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 11 , wherein said downstream heat exchanger is cooled by ram air.
14. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the majority of the refrigerant in said evaporator heat exchanger is below the critical point.
15. The gas turbine engine as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said refrigerant is CO 2 .