Bendable glass stack assemblies, articles and methods of making the same
A glass element having a thickness from 25 μm to 125 μm, a first primary surface, a second primary surface, and a compressive stress region extending from the first primary surface to a first depth, the region defined by a compressive stress σI of at least about 100 MPa at the first primary surface. Further, the glass element has a stress profile such that it does not fail when it is subject to 200,000 cycles of bending to a target bend radius of from 1 mm to 20 mm, by the parallel plate method. Still further, the glass element has a puncture resistance of greater than about 1.5 kgf when the first primary surface of the glass element is loaded with a tungsten carbide ball having a diameter of 1.5 mm.
1. A glass article, comprising:
a glass element having a thickness from about 25 μm to about 125 μm, the glass element further comprising:
(a) a first primary surface;
(b) a second primary surface; and
(c) a compressive stress region extending from the first primary surface of the glass element to a first depth in the glass element, the region defined by a compressive stress of at least about 150 MPa at the first primary surface of the glass element,
(d) a maximum flaw size of less than or equal to 2 microns at the first primary surface of the glass element; and
(e) a stress intensity factor (K) of less than or equal to 0.2 MPa √m,
wherein the glass element is characterized by:
(a) an absence of failure when the glass element is held at a bend radius induced by a parallel plate spacing of about 20 mm for about 60 minutes at about 25° C. and about 50% relative humidity; and
(b) a puncture resistance of greater than about 1.5 kgf when the first primary surface of the glass element is loaded with a tungsten carbide ball having a diameter of 1.5 mm.
2. The article of claim 1 , the glass element comprising (c) a pencil hardness of greater than or equal to 8H.
3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the compressive stress at the first primary surface of the glass element is less than or equal to 2000 MPa.
4. The article of claim 3 , wherein the first depth is set at approximately one third of the thickness of the glass element or less from the first primary surface of the glass element.
5. The article of claim 4 , wherein the compressive stress region comprises a plurality of ion-exchangeable metal ions and a plurality of ion-exchanged metal ions, the ion-exchanged metal ions having an atomic radius larger than the atomic radius of the ion-exchangeable metal ions.
6. The article of claim 5 , wherein the glass element further comprises an edge, and an edge compressive stress region extending from the edge to an edge depth in the glass element, the edge compressive stress region defined by a compressive stress of at least about 100 MPa at the edge.
7. The article of claim 6 , wherein the glass element has a Vickers hardness of 550 to 650 kgf/mm 2 .
8. The article of claim 7 , wherein the thickness of the glass element is from about 50 μm to about 100 μm.
9. The article of claim 7 , wherein the glass element has a retained B10 bend strength of greater than 800 MPa after contact with a cube corner diamond indenter loaded with 10 gf.
10. The article of claim 9 , wherein when the first primary surface of the glass element is subject to a 1 kgf load from a Vickers indenter, there is introduced a flaw of <100 microns in the first primary surface.
11. The article of claim 7 , the glass element comprising a plurality of layers.
12. The article of claim 7 , comprising F/w <0.076 N/mm, wherein F is the closing force to put the glass element at the bend radius, and w is the dimension of the glass element in a direction parallel to the axis around which the glass is bent.
13. The article of claim 7 , further comprising:
a coefficient-of-friction-reducing layer disposed on the first primary surface of the glass element.
14. A foldable electronic device, comprising:
an electronic device having a foldable feature,
wherein the foldable feature comprises the glass element according to claim 7 .
15. A glass article, comprising:
a glass element having a thickness from about 50 μm to about 75 μm, the glass element further comprising:
(a) a first primary surface;
(b) a second primary surface;
(c) a compressive stress region extending from the first primary surface of the glass element to a first depth in the glass element, the region defined by a compressive stress of at least about 150 MPa at the first primary surface of the glass element;
(d) a maximum flaw size of less than or equal to 400 nanometers at the first primary surface of the glass element; and
(e) a stress intensity factor (K) of less than or equal to 0.3 MPa √m,
wherein the glass element is characterized by:
(a) an absence of failure when the glass element is held at a bend radius of about 7 mm to about 10 mm for about 60 minutes at about 25° C. and about 50% relative humidity;
(b) a puncture resistance of greater than about 1.5 kgf when the first primary surface of the glass element is loaded with a tungsten carbide ball having a diameter of 1.5 mm.
16. The article of claim 15 , the glass element comprising (c) a pencil hardness of greater than or equal to 8H.
17. The article of claim 16 , wherein the compressive stress at the first primary surface of the glass element is less than or equal to 2000 MPa.
18. The article of claim 17 , wherein the first depth is set at approximately one third of the thickness of the glass element or less from the first primary surface of the glass element.
19. The article of claim 18 , wherein the compressive stress region comprises a plurality of ion-exchangeable metal ions and a plurality of ion-exchanged metal ions, the ion-exchanged metal ions having an atomic radius larger than the atomic radius of the ion-exchangeable metal ions.
20. The article of claim 19 , wherein the glass element further comprises an edge, and an edge compressive stress region extending from the edge to an edge depth in the glass element, the edge compressive stress region defined by a compressive stress of at least about 100 MPa at the edge.
21. The article of claim 20 , wherein the glass element has a Vickers hardness of 550 to 650 kgf/mm 2 .
22. The article of claim 21 , wherein the glass element has a retained B10 bend strength of greater than 800 MPa after contact with a cube corner diamond indenter loaded with 10 gf.
23. The article of claim 22 , wherein when the first primary surface of the glass element is subject to a 1 kgf load from a Vickers indenter, there is introduced a flaw of <100 microns in the first primary surface.
24. The article of claim 21 , the glass element comprising a plurality of layers.
25. The article of claim 21 , comprising F/w <0.076 N/mm, wherein F is the closing force to put the glass element at the bend radius, and w is the dimension of the glass element in a direction parallel to the axis around which the glass is bent.
26. The article of claim 21 , further comprising:
a coefficient-of-friction-reducing layer disposed on the first primary surface of the glass element.
27. A foldable electronic device, comprising:
an electronic device having a foldable feature,
wherein the foldable feature comprises the glass element according to claim 21 .
28. A glass article, comprising:
a glass element having a thickness from about 50 μm to about 75 μm, the glass element further comprising:
(a) a first primary surface;
(b) a second primary surface;
(c) a compressive stress region extending from the first primary surface of the glass element to a first depth in the glass element, the region defined by a compressive stress of at least about 150 MPa at the first primary surface of the glass element;
(d) a maximum flaw size of less than or equal to 1.5 microns at the first primary surface of the glass element; and
(e) a stress intensity factor (K) of less than or equal to 0.4 MPa √m,
wherein the glass element is characterized by:
(a) an absence of failure when the glass element is held at a bend radius of about 10 mm to about 20 mm for about 60 minutes at about 25° C. and about 50% relative humidity;
(b) a puncture resistance of greater than about 1.5 kgf when the first primary surface of the glass element is loaded with a tungsten carbide ball having a diameter of 1.5 mm.