Beta tungsten thin films with giant spin Hall effect for use in compositions and structures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Methods, devices, and compositions for use with spintronic devices such as magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and spin-logic devices are provided. Methods include manipulating magnetization states in spintronic devices and making a structure using spin transfer torque to induce magnetization reversal. A device described herein manipulates magnetization states in spintronic devices and includes a non-magnetic metal to generate spin current based on the giant spin Hall effect, a ferromagnetic thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, an oxide thin film, and an integrated magnetic sensor. The device does not require an insertion layer between a non-magnetic metal with giant spin Hall effect and a ferromagnetic thin film to achieve perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
1. A method of fabricating a metastable thin film, the method comprising: cooling a substrate to a temperature less than ambient temperature for deposition; combining argon and oxygen to form a sputtering gas; and depositing onto the substrate the metastable thin film using the sputtering gas at a sputtering power up to 1000 W, and at a rate in a range of about 0.02 nm/s to about 10 nm/s.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metastable thin film is β-firm tungsten.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein cooling the substrate is to the temperature of liquid nitrogen.