Synthetic composition for regulating satiety

1. A method comprising:

administering to a non-infant human having a metabolic disorder and being diagnosable with one or more of obesity, obesity-induced pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes, an effective amount of a product consisting of one or more synthetic neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) selected from lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-I), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), difucosyllactose (DFL), and combinations thereof, and optionally one or more excipients,

increasing a relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the gastrointestinal tract of the non-infant human; and

regulating satiety in the non-infant human.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the synthetic neutral HMOs are administered enterally.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more synthetic neutral HMOs consist of at least one fucosylated HMO and at least one non-fucosylated HMO.

4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one fucosylated HMO is selected from the group consisting of 2′-FL, 3-FL, and DFL, and the at least one non-fucosylated HMO is selected from the group consisting of LNT and LNnT.

5. The method according to claim 4 in which the one or more isolated synthetic neutral HMOs comprise one or more of the combinations of 2′-FL and LNnT, 2′-FL and LNT, 2′-FL, DFL and LNnT, and 2′-FL, LNT and LNnT.

6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the mass ratio of 2′-FL present to LNnT present in the selected combination is from 5:1 to 1:1.

7. A method comprising:

administering to a non-infant human an effective amount of mixture consisting of one or more synthetic fucosylated neutral HMOs human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), one or more synthetic non-fucosylated neutral HMOs, and optionally one or more excipients, wherein the one or more fucosylated neutral HMOs are selected from the group consisting of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), and difucosyllactose (DFL), and the one or more non-fucosylated neutral HMOs are selected from the group consisting of lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT);

increasing a relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the gastrointestinal tract of the non-infant human; and

reducing a propensity of obesity in the non-infant human.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein

the one or more fucosylated neutral HMOs comprise 2′-FL; and

the one or more non-fucosylated neutral HMOs comprise LNnT, wherein the mass ratio of 2′-FL in the mixture to LNnT in the mixture is from 5:1 to 1:1.

9. A method of at least one of regulating satiety in a non-infant human

having a metabolic disorder and reducing a propensity to obesity in the non-infant human

having the metabolic disorder, the method comprising:

increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the gastrointestinal tract of the non-infant human and increasing a level of at least one gut satiety hormone in the non-infant human, by administering to the non-infant human an effective amount of a synthetic composition consisting of one to five isolated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) selected from the fucosylated HMOs 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), and difucosyllactose (DFL), and the non-fucosylated HMOs lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), and combinations thereof, and optionally one or more excipients.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the fucosylated HMO is 2′-FL and the non-fucosylated HMO is LNnT, and wherein the mass ratio of 2′-FL to LNnT in the synthetic composition is from 5:1 to 1:1.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the synthetic composition consists essentially of 2′-FL.