System for energy storage and recovery
The invention relates to a system for energy storage and recovery, comprising: at least one compressed-air tank, at least one pressurized-water tank in communication with the compressed-air tank, at least one turbine in effective communication with the at least one pressurized-water tank, a generator for generating electrical energy, a high-pressure pump for pumping water from a water reservoir into the pressurized-water tank. According to one aspect of the invention, the turbine in effective communication with the at least one pressurized-water tank is a reaction turbine, which is connected in series with a constant pressure turbine in such a manner that a drive shaft of the reaction turbine is connected to a drive shaft of the constant pressure turbine and a drive shaft of the generator, and the constant pressure turbine is arranged between the reaction turbine and the generator, wherein the generator includes an interface for connection to a public power grid.
1. A system for energy storage and recovery, comprising:
at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ),
at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) in communication with the at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ),
at least one turbine ( 3 ) in effective communication with the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ),
a generator ( 4 ) for generating electrical energy, and
a high-pressure pump ( 11 ) for pumping water from a water reservoir ( 9 ) into the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ), wherein
the at least one turbine ( 3 ) in effective communication with the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) is a reaction turbine, which is connected in series with a constant pressure turbine ( 3 a ) in such a manner that a drive shaft (AW) of the reaction turbine ( 3 ) is connected to a drive shaft (AW) of the constant pressure turbine ( 3 a ) and a drive shaft (AW) of the generator ( 4 ),
the constant pressure turbine ( 3 a ) is arranged between the reaction turbine ( 3 ) and the generator ( 4 ), and
the generator ( 4 ) includes an interface for connection to a public power grid (S).
2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the drive shaft of the reaction turbine ( 3 ) and the drive shaft (AW) of the constant pressure turbine ( 3 a ) form a common shaft, and, either, the drive shaft (AW) of the reaction turbine ( 3 ) and the drive shaft (AW) of the constant pressure turbine ( 3 a ) are rigidly coupled to each other, or the drive shaft (AW) of the reaction turbine ( 3 ) and the drive shaft (AW) of the constant pressure turbine ( 3 a ) are connected to each other via a transmission.
wherein an outlet of the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) is connected to an inlet of the reaction turbine ( 3 ) and an outlet of the reaction turbine ( 3 ) is connected to an inlet of the constant pressure turbine ( 3 a ).
3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein pressure regulation of the inlet pressure of the constant pressure turbine ( 3 a ) is via a guide vane arranged between an outlet of the reaction turbine ( 3 ) and an inlet of the constant pressure turbine ( 3 a ).
4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein when a plurality of pressurized-water tanks ( 2 ) are provided, a connection line connects outlets of the pressurized-water tanks ( 2 ) with one another, and the pressurized-water tanks ( 2 ) are arranged in such a manner with respect to one another that the connection line has a gradient and has a sump at a lowest point, which is connected to an inlet of the at least one turbine ( 3 , 3 a ).
5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein a stop valve ( 6 ) is provided at an inlet of the at least one turbine ( 3 , 3 a ).
6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ) is in constant pressure equilibrium with the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ), in such a manner that during energy storage and recovery the pressure in the at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ) is equal to the pressure in the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ).
7. The system according to claim 1 , wherein precisely one pressure line ( 5 ) is present between an outlet of the at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ) and an inlet of the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) and is adapted to conduct compressed air from the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) to the at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ) during energy storage and to conduct compressed air from the at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ) to the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) during energy recovery.
8. The system according to claim 7 , wherein a stop device is arranged in the pressure line ( 5 ), which is configured to block the pressure line ( 5 ) at a sudden pressure drop.
9. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of a volume of the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) to a volume of the at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ) is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, or 1:4.
10. The system according to claim 1 , wherein a control and a comparison unit ( 13 ) is provided which is configured, as a function of the load on a public power grid (S), to drive the high-pressure pump ( 11 ) with energy from the public power grid (S) to pump water from the water reservoir ( 9 ) into the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) when there is a surplus of energy in the public power grid (S),
or to conduct pressurized water from the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) to the at least one turbine ( 3 , 3 a ) and to feed the energy generated in the generator ( 4 , 4 a ) to the public power grid (S), when there is a demand for energy in the public power grid (S).
11. The system according to claim 10 , wherein, in the case of energy recovery, the control unit ( 13 ) is configured to regulate the power generated by the at least one turbine ( 3 , 3 a ) by opening or closing of water inlet nozzles ( 7 ) connected to the at least one turbine ( 3 , 3 a ).
12. The system according to claim 1 , wherein a control and a comparison unit ( 13 ) is provided for comparing a current pressure in the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) and a current pressure in the at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ) and a current water level in the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) with a set pressure value, wherein the control and the comparison unit ( 13 ) is configured in such a manner that compressed air is fed from a compressed-air reservoir ( 18 ) to the at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ) as a function of the comparison result.
13. A system for energy storage and recovery, comprising:
at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ),
at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) in communication with the at least one compressed-air tank ( 1 ),
a compressed-air turbine being arranged between the at least one compressed-air tank and the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ),
a generator ( 4 ) for generating electrical energy, and
a high-pressure pump ( 11 ) for pumping water from a water reservoir ( 9 ) into the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ), wherein
a constant pressure turbine ( 3 a ) in effective communication with the at least one pressurized-water tank ( 2 ) is a Pelton turbine,
the generator ( 4 ) is configured for the generation of electrical voltage,
the generator ( 4 ) is connected to a frequency converter ( 4 a ) for the generation of a constant voltage and frequency, and
the frequency converter ( 4 a ) includes an interface for connection to a public power grid (S).