Magnetic carrier, two-component developer, replenishing developer, and image forming method
A magnetic carrier including a magnetic carrier particle having a magnetic carrier core and a resin coating layer formed on a surface of the magnetic carrier core, wherein the resin coating layer includes a resin component including a resin A and a resin B, the resin A is a copolymer of monomers including (a) a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group and (b) a specific macromonomer, the resin B is a copolymer of monomers including (c) a styrene-based monomer and (d) a specific (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer, and based on the resin components of the resin coating layer, the amount of the resin A is from 20% by mass to 99% by mass, and the amount of the resin B is from 1% by mass to 80% by mass.
1. A magnetic carrier comprising a magnetic carrier particle,
wherein
the magnetic carrier particle contains
a magnetic carrier core and
a resin coating layer formed on a surface of the magnetic carrier core,
the resin coating layer includes a resin component including a resin A and a resin B,
the resin A is a copolymer of monomers including
(a) a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and
(b) a macromonomer containing a polymer portion and a reactive portion bound to the polymer portion, wherein
the polymer portion has a polymer of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, and
the reactive portion has a reactive C—C double bond,
the resin B is a copolymer of monomers including
(c) a styrene-based monomer, and
(d) a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer having a hydroxy group and represented by a following formula (1), and
based on the resin components of the resin coating layer, the amount of the resin A is from 20% by mass to 99% by mass, and the amount of the resin B is from 1% by mass to 80% by mass,
wherein, R represents H or CH 3 , and n represents an integer of from 1 to 8.
2. The magnetic carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the sum total of the amount of the resin A and the amount of the resin B is from 80% by mass to 100% by mass based on the resin component.
3. The magnetic carrier according to claim 1 , wherein a hydroxyl value of the resin component included in the resin coating layer is from 0.5 mg KOH/g to 10.0 mg KOH/g.
4. The magnetic carrier according to claim 1 , wherein
based on the mass of the monomers forming the resin component included in the resin coating layer,
the proportion of the (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group is from 5.0% by mass to 80.0% by mass,
the proportion of the styrene-based monomer is from 0.8% by mass to 70.0 by mass, and
the proportion of a sum total of the (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the styrene-based monomer is from 50.0% by mass to 95.0 by mass.
5. The magnetic carrier according to claim 1 , wherein
based on the mass of the monomers forming the resin component included in the resin coating layer,
the proportion of the (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer having a hydroxy group and represented by the formula (1) is from 0.1% by mass to 3.0% by mass.
6. The magnetic carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the hydroxyl value of the resin B is from 0.2 mg KOH/g to 30.0 mg KOH/g.
7. The magnetic carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the hydroxyl value of the resin A is from 0 mg KOH/g to 1.0 mg KOH/g.
8. The magnetic carrier according to claim 1 , wherein peak molecular weight in a molecular weight distribution of the resin B determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is from 3000 to 20,000.
9. The magnetic carrier according to claim 1 , wherein the proportion of the macromonomer is from 15.0% by mass to 40.0% by mass based on the mass of the monomers for forming the resin A.
10. An image forming method comprising:
a charging step of charging an electrostatic latent image bearing member;
an electrostatic latent image forming step of forming an electrostatic latent image on a surface of the electrostatic latent image bearing member;
a developing step of developing the electrostatic latent image by using a two-component developer to form a toner image;
a transfer step of transferring the toner image to a transfer material with or without an intermediate transfer member; and
a fixing step of fixing the transferred toner image to the transfer material,
wherein
the two-component developer comprises a toner having a toner particle including a binder resin, and a magnetic carrier, wherein
the magnetic carrier is the magnetic carrier according to claim 1 .
11. A replenishing developer for use in an image forming method which comprises:
a charging step of charging an electrostatic latent image bearing member;
an electrostatic latent image forming step of forming an electrostatic latent image on a surface of the electrostatic latent image bearing member;
a developing step of developing the electrostatic latent image by using a two-component developer in a developing device to form a toner image;
a transfer step of transferring the toner image to a transfer material with or without an intermediate transfer member; and
a fixing step of fixing the transferred toner image to the transfer material, and
in which a replenishing developer is replenished to the developing device in accordance with a reduction in toner concentration in the two-component developer in the developing device, wherein
the replenishing developer includes a magnetic carrier and a toner having a toner particle including a binder resin,
the replenishing developer includes from 2 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass of the toner with respect to 1 part by mass of the magnetic carrier, and
the magnetic carrier is the magnetic carrier according to claim 1 .
12. An image forming method which comprises:
a charging step of charging an electrostatic latent image bearing member;
an electrostatic latent image forming step of forming an electrostatic latent image on a surface of the electrostatic latent image bearing member;
a developing step of developing the electrostatic latent image by using a two-component developer in a developing device to form a toner image;
a transfer step of transferring the toner image to a transfer material with or without an intermediate transfer member; and
a fixing step of fixing the transferred toner image to the transfer material, and
in which a replenishing developer is replenished to the developing device in accordance with a reduction in toner concentration in the two-component developer in the developing device, wherein
the replenishing developer includes a magnetic carrier and a toner having a toner particle including a binder resin,
the replenishing developer includes from 2 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass of the toner with respect to 1 part by mass of the magnetic carrier, and
the magnetic carrier is the magnetic carrier according to claim 1 .
13. A two-component developer comprising
a toner having a toner particle including a binder resin, and
a magnetic carrier,
wherein
the magnetic carrier comprises a magnetic carrier particle,
the magnetic carrier particle has
a magnetic carrier core and
a resin coating layer formed on a surface of the magnetic carrier core,
wherein
the resin coating layer includes a resin component including a resin A and a resin B,
the resin A is a copolymer of monomers including
(a) a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and
(b) a macromonomer containing a polymer portion and a reactive portion bound to the polymer portion, wherein
the polymer portion has a polymer of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, and
the reactive portion has a reactive C—C double bond,
the resin B is a copolymer of monomers including
(c) a styrene-based monomer, and
(d) a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer having a hydroxy group and represented by a following formula (1), and
based on the resin components of the resin coating layer, the amount of the resin A is from 20% by mass to 99% by mass, and the amount of the resin B is from 1% by mass to 80% by mass,
wherein, R represents H or CH 3 , and n represents an integer of from 1 to 8.