Variable-flux memory motor and methods of controlling a variable-flux motor

1. A multi-pole rotor of a variable-flux memory motor (VFMM), the rotor comprising:

a rotor core; and

a plurality of poles, wherein each of the poles comprises:

one or more soft rotor magnets;

a first ferrous wedge; and

a second ferrous wedge, wherein

the one or more soft rotor magnets are disposed between the first and second ferrous wedges in a circumferential direction of the rotor, and

the one or more soft rotor magnets comprise a combination of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt.

2. The multi-pole rotor according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more soft rotor magnets are AlNiCo with one of the grades 1-9.

3. The multi-pole rotor according to claim 1 , wherein the rotor core is non-conductive.

4. The multi-pole rotor according to claim 3 , wherein the rotor core is a polyamide-imide.

5. The multi-pole rotor according to claim 1 , further comprising a sleeve that keeps the one or more soft rotor magnets and the first and second ferrous wedges from disassociation from the rotor core.

6. A variable-flux memory motor (VFMM) comprising:

the multi-pole rotor according to claim 1 ; and

a stator comprising:

a first, second, and third stator windings corresponding to a first, second and third magnetization phases, respectively, wherein

the first, second, and third stator windings create a magnetic flux to magnetize the one or more soft rotor magnets, and

during the magnetization, the magnetic flux enters the one or more soft rotor magnets from the first and second ferrous wedges.

7. The VFMM according to claim 6 , wherein

the stator further comprises:

a first sense coil disposed on or in the first stator winding;

a second sense coil disposed on or in the second stator winding; and

a third sense coil disposed on or in the third stator winding, wherein

the first, second, and third sense coils are electrically insulated from the first, second, and third stator windings,

the first, second, and third sense coils inductively generate a back electromotive force via the inductance of a magnetic flux generated by the first, second, and third stator windings, respectively, and the one or more soft rotor magnets, and

the back electromotive force is an indicator of a magnetization state of the one or more soft rotor magnets.

8. A multi-pole rotor of a variable-flux memory motor (VFMM), the rotor comprising:

a rotor core; and

a plurality of poles, wherein each of the poles comprises:

one or more soft rotor magnets;

a first ferrous wedge; and

a second ferrous wedge, wherein

the one or more soft rotor magnets are disposed between the first and second ferrous wedges in a circumferential direction of the rotor, and

an absolute value of a slope of a magnetization direction in the one or more soft rotor magnets is equal to or more than 4.

9. A method of controlling a magnetization state of a variable-flux memory motor (VFMM) having a rotor, the method comprising:

receiving a command to change the magnetization state;

determining an ideal magnetization state based on the command;

measuring a back electromotive force generated by magnets of the rotor;

determining a real-time magnetization state of the magnets based on the measured back electromotive force;

determining a d-axis current pulse based on a difference between the ideal magnetization state and the real-time magnetization state; and

sending the d-axis current pulse to stator windings of the VFMM to adjust the real-time magnetization state to an adjusted real-time magnetization state such that an absolute value of the difference between the ideal magnetization state and the adjusted real-time magnetization state falls within a predetermined threshold.

10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the ideal magnetization state is determined based on a database that associates a torque and speed of the VFMM with a value of the ideal magnetization state.

11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the real-time magnetization state is determined based on a database that associates the measured back electromotive force with a value of the real-time magnetization state.

12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the back electromotive force is measured inductively via a sense coil.

13. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising:

correcting a transient error of the measured back electromotive force,

wherein the real-time magnetization state of the magnets is determined based on the corrected back electromotive force.

14. The method of claim 9 that controls the VFMM comprising a multi-pole rotor, wherein the rotor comprises:

a rotor core; and

a plurality of poles, wherein each of the poles comprises:

one or more soft rotor magnets;

a first ferrous wedge; and

a second ferrous wedge, wherein

the one or more soft rotor magnets are disposed between the first and second ferrous wedges in a circumferential direction of the rotor.

15. The method of claim 9 that controls the VFMM comprising:

a multi-pole rotor comprising:

a rotor core; and

a plurality of poles, wherein each of the poles comprises:

one or more soft rotor magnets;

a first ferrous wedge; and

a second ferrous wedge, wherein

the one or more soft rotor magnets are disposed between the first and second ferrous wedges in a circumferential direction of the rotor; and

a stator comprising:

a first, second, and third stator windings corresponding to a first, second and third magnetization phases, respectively, wherein

the first, second, and third stator windings create a magnetic flux to magnetize the one or more soft rotor magnets, and

during the magnetization, the magnetic flux enters the one or more soft rotor magnets from the first and second ferrous wedges.

16. A method of automatically controlling a magnetization state of a variable-flux memory motor (VFMM) having a rotor, the method comprising:

measuring a speed of the VFMM;

determine a torque of the VFMM;

determining an ideal magnetization state based on the speed and the torque of the VFMM;

measuring a back electromotive force generated by magnets of the rotor;

determining a real-time magnetization state of the magnets based on the measured back electromotive force;

determining a d-axis current pulse based on a difference between the ideal magnetization state and the real-time magnetization state; and

sending the d-axis current pulse to stator windings of the VFMM to adjust the real-time magnetization state to an adjusted real-time magnetization state such that an absolute value of the difference between the ideal magnetization state and the adjusted real-time magnetization state falls within a predetermined threshold.

17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the controller determines the torque based the back electromotive force.

18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the ideal magnetization state is determined based on a database that associates the speed and the torque of the VFMM to a value of the ideal magnetization state that results to the highest efficiency at the speed and the torque of the VFMM.

19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the real-time magnetization state is determined based on a database that associates the measured back electromotive force with a value for the real-time magnetization state.

20. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the back electromotive force is measured inductively via a sense coil.

21. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising:

correcting a transient error of the measured back electromotive force,

wherein the real-time magnetization state of the magnets is determined based on the corrected back electromotive force.

22. The method of claim 16 that controls the VFMM comprising a multi-pole rotor, wherein the rotor comprises:

a rotor core; and

a plurality of poles, wherein each of the poles comprises:

one or more soft rotor magnets;

a first ferrous wedge; and

a second ferrous wedge, wherein

the one or more soft rotor magnets are disposed between the first and second ferrous wedges in a circumferential direction of the rotor.

23. The method of claim 16 that controls the VFMM comprising:

a multi-pole rotor comprising:

a rotor core; and

a plurality of poles, wherein each of the poles comprises:

one or more soft rotor magnets;

a first ferrous wedge; and

a second ferrous wedge, wherein

the one or more soft rotor magnets are disposed between the first and second ferrous wedges in a circumferential direction of the rotor; and

a stator comprising:

a first, second, and third stator windings corresponding to a first, second and third magnetization phases, respectively, wherein

the first, second, and third stator windings create a magnetic flux to magnetize the one or more soft rotor magnets, and

during the magnetization, the magnetic flux enters the one or more soft rotor magnets from the first and second ferrous wedges.

24. A system for variable-flux memory motor (VFMM) comprising:

a VFMM comprising:

a rotor comprising a rotor core and a plurality of poles, wherein each pole comprises:

one or more soft rotor magnets;

a first ferrous wedge; and

a second ferrous wedge, wherein

the one or more soft rotor magnets are disposed between the first and second ferrous wedges, and

a stator comprising:

first, second, and third stator windings corresponding to first, second, and third magnetization phases, respectively; and

at least one sense coil,

wherein the sense coil measures a magnetization state of the VFMM, and

a controller that controls the magnetization state of the VFMM based on the magnetization state of the VFMM measured via the sense coil, and

wherein the controller adjusts the magnetization state of the VFMM via a current pulse in at least one of the first, second, and third stator windings.