Earphones for measuring and entraining respiration

1. A system comprising:

an earphone comprising:

a loudspeaker;

a microphone;

a housing supporting the loudspeaker and microphone;

an ear tip surrounding the housing and configured to acoustically couple both the loudspeaker and the microphone to an ear canal of a user, and to acoustically close the entrance to the user's ear canal;

and

a processor configured to:

provide output audio signals to the loudspeaker which represent sounds across a first frequency band, the audio signals including a notch in which the sounds lack energy within a second frequency band narrower than the first frequency band;

receive input audio signals from the microphone;

apply a band-pass filter to the input audio signals to limit the input audio signals to a third frequency band contained within the second frequency band; and

demodulate the filtered input audio signals to compute a rate of respiration corresponding to energy in the input audio signals in the third frequency band,

wherein the first frequency band extends at least 40 Hz below a lower end of the second frequency band.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the third frequency band is coextensive with the second frequency band.

3. A system comprising:

an earphone comprising:

a loudspeaker;

a microphone;

a housing supporting the loudspeaker and microphone;

an ear tip surrounding the housing and configured to acoustically couple both the loudspeaker and the microphone to an ear canal of a user, and to acoustically close the entrance to the user's ear canal;

and

a processor configured to:

provide output audio signals to the loudspeaker which represent sounds across a first frequency band, the audio signals including a notch in which the sounds lack energy within a second frequency band narrower than the first frequency band;

receive input audio signals from the microphone;

apply a band-pass filter to the input audio signals to limit the input audio signals to a third frequency band contained within the second frequency band; and

demodulate the filtered input audio signals to compute a rate of respiration corresponding to energy in the input audio signals in the third frequency band,

wherein the second frequency band extends between about 250 to 350 Hz.

4. A system comprising:

an earphone comprising:

a loudspeaker;

a microphone;

a housing supporting the loudspeaker and microphone;

an ear tip surrounding the housing and configured to acoustically couple both the loudspeaker and the microphone to an ear canal of a user, and to acoustically close the entrance to the user's ear canal;

and

a processor configured to:

provide output audio signals to the loudspeaker which represent sounds across a first frequency band, the audio signals including a notch in which the sounds lack energy within a second frequency band narrower than the first frequency band;

receive input audio signals from the microphone;

apply a band-pass filter to the input audio signals to limit the input audio signals to a third frequency band contained within the second frequency band; and

demodulate the filtered input audio signals to compute a rate of respiration corresponding to energy in the input audio signals in the third frequency band,

wherein the processor is further configured to adjust the output audio signals based on the detected rate of respiration, and provide the adjusted output audio signals to the loudspeaker,

wherein

the earphone further includes a memory storing sound files; and

providing the output audio signals comprises retrieving a first sound file from the memory, and

wherein:

the first sound file represents audio signals correpsonding to sounds having energy in the second frequency band, and

providing the output audio signals further comprises, in the processor, applying a notch filter to audio signals generated from the first sound file, to remove energy from the signals within the second frequency band.

5. A system comprising:

an earphone comprising:

a loudspeaker;

a microphone;

a housing supporting the loudspeaker and microphone;

an ear tip surrounding the housing and configured to acoustically couple both the loudspeaker and the microphone to an ear canal of a user, and to acoustically close the entrance to the user's ear canal; and

a processor configured to:

provide output audio signals to the loudspeaker which represent sounds across a first frequency band, the audio signals including a notch in which the sounds lack energy within a second frequency band narrower than the first frequency band;

receive input audio signals from the microphone;

apply a band-pass filter to the input audio signals to limit the input audio signals to a third frequency band contained within the second frequency band; and

demodulate the filtered input audio signals to compute a rate of respiration corresponding to energy in the input audio signals in the third frequency band,

wherein the processor is further configured to adjust the output audio signals based on the detected rate of respiration, and provide the adjusted output audio signals to the loudspeaker,

wherein the earphone further includes a memory storing sound files and providing the output audio signals comprises retrieving a first sound file from the memory, and

wherein the first sound file represents audio signals corresponding to sounds lacking energy in the second frequency band.

6. A system comprising:

an earphone comprising:

a loudspeaker;

a microphone;

a housing supporting the loudspeaker and microphone;

an ear tip surrounding the housing and configured to acoustically couple both the loudspeaker and the microphone to an ear canal of a user, and to acoustically close the entrance to the user's ear canal; and

a processor configured to:

provide output audio signals to the loudspeaker which represent sounds across a first frequency band, the audio signals including a notch in which the sounds lack energy within a second frequency band narrower than the first frequency band;

receive input audio signals from the microphone;

apply a band-pass filter to the input audio signals to limit the input audio signals to a third frequency band contained within the second frequency band; and

demodulate the filtered input audio signals to compute a rate of respiration corresponding to energy in the input audio signals in the third frequency band,

wherein the processor is further configured to adjust the output audio signals based on the detected rate of respiration, and provide the adjusted output audio signals to the loudspeaker,

wherein the earphone further includes a memory storing sound files and providing the output audio signals comprises retrieving a first sound file from the memory, and

wherein the processor is further configured to adjust the output audio signals based on the detected rate of respiration by retrieving a second sound file from the memory and using the second sound file to generate the output audio signal.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is integrated within the earphone.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is integrated within a portable computing device.

9. A method of measuring the respiration rate of a user of an earphone, the method comprising:

receiving input audio signals from a microphone supported by a housing and acoustically coupled to the user's ear canal by an ear tip surrounding the housing and acoustically closing the entrance to the user's ear canal; and

providing, to a loudspeaker in the housing and also acoustically coupled to the user's ear canal by the ear tip, output audio signals which represent sounds across a first frequency band, the audio signals including a notch in which the sounds lack energy within a second frequency band narrower than the first frequency band; and

in a processor,

applying a band-pass filter to the input audio signals to limit the input audio signals to a third frequency band contained within the second frequency band; and

demodulating the filtered input audio signals to compute a rate of respiration corresponding to energy in the input audio signals in the third frequency band,

wherein the first frequency band extends at least 40 Hz below a lower end of the second frequency band.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the third frequency band is coextensive with the second frequency band.

11. A method of measuring the respiration rate of a user of an earphone, the method comprising:

receiving input audio signals from a microphone supported by a housing and acoustically coupled to the user's ear canal by an ear tip surrounding the housing and acoustically closing the entrance to the user's ear canal; and

providing, to a loudspeaker in the housing and also acoustically coupled to the user's ear canal by the ear tip, output audio signals which represent sounds across a first frequency band, the audio signals including a notch in which the sounds lack energy within a second frequency band narrower than the first frequency band; and

in a processor,

applying a band-pass filter to the input audio signals to limit the input audio signals to a third frequency band contained within the second frequency band; and

demodulating the filtered input audio signals to compute a rate of respiration corresponding to energy in the input audio signals in the third frequency band,

wherein the second frequency band extends between about 250 to 350 Hz.

12. A method of measuring the respiration rate of a user of an earphone, the method comprising:

receiving input audio signals from a microphone supported by a housing and acoustically coupled to the user's ear canal by an ear tip surrounding the housing and acoustically closing the entrance to the user's ear canal; and

providing, to a loudspeaker in the housing and also acoustically coupled to the user's ear canal by the ear tip, output audio signals which represent sounds across a first frequency band, the audio signals including a notch in which the sounds lack energy within a second frequency band narrower than the first frequency band; and

in a processor,

applying a band-pass filter to the input audio signals to limit the input audio signals to a third frequency band contained within the second frequency band; and

demodulating the filtered input audio signals to compute a rate of respiration corresponding to energy in the input audio signals in the third frequency band,

wherein the earphone further includes a memory storing sound files and providing the output audio signals comprises retrieving a first sound file from the memory, and

wherein:

the first sound file represents audio signals corresponding to sounds having energy in the second frequency band, and

providing the output audio signals further comprises, in the processor, applying a notch filter to audio signals generated from the first sound file, to remove energy from the signals within the second frequency band.

13. A method of measuring the respiration rate of a user of an earphone, the method comprising:

receiving input audio signals from a microphone supported by a housing and acoustically coupled to the user's ear canal by an ear tip surrounding the housing and acoustically closing the entrance to the user's ear canal; and

providing, to a loudspeaker in the housing and also acoustically coupled to the user's ear canal by the ear tip, output audio signals which represent sounds across a first frequency band, the audio signals including a notch in which the sounds lack energy within a second frequency band narrower than the first frequency band; and

in a processor,

applying a band-pass filter to the input audio signals to limit the input audio signals to a third frequency band contained within the second frequency band; and

demodulating the filtered input audio signals to compute a rate of respiration corresponding to energy in the input audio signals in the third frequency band,

wherein the earphone further includes a memory storing sound files and providing the output audio signals comprises retrieving a first sound file from the memory, and

wherein:

the first sound file represents audio signals corresponding to sounds lacking energy in the second frequency band.

14. A method of measuring the respiration rate of a user of an earphone, the method comprising:

receiving input audio signals from a microphone supported by a housing and acoustically coupled to the user's ear canal by an ear tip surrounding the housing and acoustically closing the entrance to the user's ear canal; and

providing, to a loudspeaker in the housing and also acoustically coupled to the user's ear canal by the ear tip, output audio signals which represent sounds across a first frequency band, the audio signals including a notch in which the sounds lack energy within a second frequency band narrower than the first frequency band; and

in a processor,

applying a band-pass filter to the input audio signals to limit the input audio signals to a third frequency band contained within the second frequency band; and

demodulating the filtered input audio signals to compute a rate of respiration corresponding to energy in the input audio signals in the third frequency band,

wherein the earphone further includes a memory storing sound files and

providing the output audio signals comprises retrieving a first sound file from the memory, and

further comprising adjusting the output audio signals based on the detected rate of respiration by retrieving a second sound file from the memory and using the second sound file to generate the output audio signal.