Floor pavement structure with gel layer

1. A floor pavement structure comprising:

a top layer that seals the floor pavement structure; and

a polyurethane (PU) gel layer comprised of a solid component and a liquid component between a base material and the top layer, the solid component being a polyurethane polymer matrix, the liquid component being a plasticizer.

2. The floor pavement structure of claim 1 , wherein the top layer is configured to seal the floor pavement structure such that water as well as the plasticizer is prevented from penetrating and crossing the top layer.

3. The floor pavement structure of claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer is a vegetable oil, a derivative of a vegetable oil, a mixture of vegetable oils, or a mixture of vegetable oil derivatives.

4. The floor pavement structure of claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer comprises:

at least three fatty acids respectively bound by an ester bound to an alcohol molecule backbone, the plasticizer being a triglyceride.

5. The floor pavement structure of claim 1 , wherein the top layer comprises an acrylic emulsion comprising pigments and sand.

6. The floor pavement structure of claim 1 , wherein the base material comprises concrete, asphalt, sand, stone, wood, or clay.

7. The floor pavement structure of claim 1 , wherein the top layer is a polyurethane layer comprising EPDM granules, the pavement structure lacking a barrier layer.

8. The floor pavement structure of claim 1 , further comprising:

a polyurethane layer between the gel layer and the top layer or between the gel layer and a barrier layer, if any.

9. The floor pavement structure of claim 1 ,

wherein at least a fraction of the plasticizer is covalently bound to the polyurethane polymer matrix, or

wherein 55% to 65% by weight of the gel layer consists of the plasticizer.

10. The floor pavement structure of claim 9 , wherein the fraction of the plasticizer that is covalently bound to the polyurethane polymer matrix is a vegetable oil with one or more functional groups in at least one of its fatty acid chains, the functional group having reacted with an isocyanate in a polyurethane reaction mixture to form the covalent bonds with the polyurethane polymer matrix.

11. The floor pavement structure of claim 1 , further comprising:

a barrier layer between the gel layer and the top layer, the barrier layer configured to prevent the plasticizer from leaving the gel layer in the direction from the base material to the top layer.

12. The floor pavement structure of claim 11 , the barrier layer being a layer of synthetic resin, the synthetic resin including acrylic latex, styrolbutadien, or a combination of acrylic latex and carboxylated styrolbutadien.

13. The floor pavement structure of claim 11 , wherein the barrier layer comprises ethylene glycol as a compatibilizer configured to promote adhesion of the top layer to the gel layer.

14. The floor pavement structure of claim 11 , wherein

the top layer has a height of 100 μm-2 mm, 200 μm-1000 μm, or 400 μm 500 μm;

the barrier layer has a height of 5 μm-300 μm, 20 μm-200 μm, or 50 μm 100 μm;

the gel layer has a height of 1 mm-4 mm, 1.5-3.5 mm, or about 2 mm; or

a primer layer has a height of 5 μm-500 μm, 50 μm-300 μm, or 100 μm-150 μm.

15. A method of constructing a floor pavement structure, the method comprising:

applying a polyurethane (PU) reaction mixture comprising a plasticizer on top of a base material;

letting the applied reaction mixture form a PU gel layer comprising a solid component and a liquid component, the solid component being a polyurethane polymer matrix, the liquid component being the plasticizer; and

after the formation of the PU gel layer, applying a top layer that seals the floor pavement structure on top of the PU gel layer.

16. The method of claim 15 ,

wherein the top layer is configured to seal the floor pavement structure such that water as well as the plasticizer is prevented from penetrating and crossing the top layer.

17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:

applying a primer layer on the base material;

optionally, before the primer has dried, applying silica sand or other forms of granules having a size of silica sand on the primer layer so as to increase a surface roughness of the primer layer; and

after the primer layer has dried, performing the application of the PU reaction mixture on top of the primer layer.

18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:

after the applied reaction mixture has finished forming the PU gel layer, applying a barrier layer on top of the gel layer; and

the application of the top layer comprising: after the barrier layer has solidified, applying the top layer on top of the barrier layer.

19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the plasticizer is a chemical derivative of a vegetable oil, and

the method further comprises:

generating the plasticizer, the generating comprising:

increasing a number of unsaturated carbon bonds in the fatty acids of the vegetable oils; or

adding at least one hydroxyl group, at least one amino group, or both at least one hydroxyl group and at least one amino group to at least one of the fatty acid chains of the vegetable oil.

20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the plasticizer being a chemical derivative of vegetable oil, and

the method further comprises:

generating the plasticizer, the generating comprising:

reacting a plurality of triglyceride molecules in a transesterification reaction into poly-ester molecules, the poly-ester molecules respectively comprising at least three fatty acids, wherein in the transesterification reaction a glycerol component of the triglyceride molecules is replaced by another carbon atom backbone component that comprises at least four carbon atoms; and

using the poly-ester molecules as the plasticizer or as a component of the plasticizer.