Method and apparatus for optically inspecting a mold for manufacturing ophthalmic lenses for possible mold defects
A method for optically inspecting a mold ( 10 ) for manufacturing ophthalmic lenses such as contact lenses for possible mold defects, including: generating a set of images of the mold ( 10 ) for different azimuthal illumination angles (ϕ 1, ϕ9 ) using an illumination system ( 20 ) and an imaging system ( 30 ), the latter being aligned such that its focal plane cuts through the mold ( 10 ) at a specific axial position along a center axis of the mold ( 10 ); generating a focal plane image by averaging pixelwise over the set of images after having masked out in each image those regions that include direct specular reflections from the mold ( 10 ); repeating the previous steps for one or a plurality of different axial positions of the focal plane such as to generate a plurality of different focal plane images; identifying one or more image features in the plurality of focal plane images indicative for a possible mold defect; determining for each identified image feature in which focal plane image the identified image feature appears sharpest; generating for each identified image feature a respective image section out of the respective sharpest focal plane containing the image feature; and generating a composed dark field image of the mold ( 10 ) by composing the respective image sections for each identified image feature, thus enabling to determine as to whether the possible defects of the mold ( 10 ) still allow the mold ( 10 ) to be used.
1. A method for optically inspecting a mold ( 10 ) for manufacturing ophthalmic lenses for possible mold defects, the method comprising the steps of:
a. taking an image ( 41 ) of the mold ( 10 ) along a center axis (Z) of the mold ( 10 ) that extends through an apex ( 15 ) of the mold and normal to a mold surface ( 16 ) at the apex ( 15 ) by
illuminating the mold ( 10 ) with light ( 26 ) incident at an azimuthal illumination angle (ϕ 1 ) and a polar illumination angle (Θ) with regard to the center axis (Z), and
collecting and detecting light ( 28 ) reflected or scattered, respectively, from the mold ( 10 ) using an imaging system ( 30 ) arranged along and aligned with the center axis (Z), wherein a focal plane ( 31 ) of the imaging system ( 30 ) has an axial position (z 1 ) along the center axis (Z) in the range of the mold ( 10 );
b. repeating step a. for one or a plurality of different azimuthal illumination angles (ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 , ϕ 4 , ϕ 5 ) around the center axis (Z) at the same polar illumination angle (Θ) and the same axial position (z 1 ) of the focal plane ( 31 ) to generate a plurality of images ( 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ) of the mold;
c. generating a masked dark field image ( 54 ) for each image of the plurality of images ( 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ) taken at the different azimuthal illumination angles (ϕ 1 , ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 , ϕ 4 , ϕ 5 ) at the same axial position (z 1 ) of the focal plane ( 31 ) by applying a respective specular reflection mask ( 40 ) to each image of the plurality of images ( 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ) of the mold such as to mask out image regions ( 44 a , 44 b ) that include direct specular reflections ( 23 , 24 ) from the mold ( 10 ), so as to obtain a plurality of masked dark field images;
d. generating a focal plane image ( 61 ) for the axial position (z 1 ) of the focal plane ( 31 ) by averaging pixelwise over the masked dark field images ( 54 ) generated at the different azimuthal illumination angles (ϕ 1 , ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 , ϕ 4 , ϕ 5 ) at the same axial position (z 1 ) of the focal plane ( 31 );
e. repeating steps a. to d. for one or a plurality of different axial positions (z 2 , z 3 ) of the focal plane ( 31 ) to generate a plurality of different focal plane images ( 61 , 62 , 63 );
f. identifying one or more image features ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) in the plurality of different focal plane images ( 61 , 62 , 63 ), each image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) showing a possible mold defect;
g. determining for each identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) a respective sharpest focal plane image ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) of the plurality of different focal plane images ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) by determining for which focal plane image ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) of the plurality of different focal plane images ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) a pre-defined sharpness measure of the identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) is at a maximum;
h. generating for each identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) a respective image section ( 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ) out of the respective sharpest focal plane image ( 61 , 62 , 63 ), wherein the identified image section ( 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ) includes the identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 );
i. generating a composed dark field image ( 90 ) of the mold ( 10 ) by composing the respective image sections ( 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ) for each identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) such as to enable determination as to whether the possible defects of the mold ( 10 ) allow the mold ( 10 ) to be used for manufacturing ophthalmic lenses.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of identifying one or more image features ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) in the plurality of different focal plane images ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) includes
defining a pixel value threshold between background and non-background image data;
generating a binary identification image of the same size as that of the plurality of different focal plane images ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) by setting a respective pixel of the binary identification image to a first value if a pixel value of a corresponding pixel of at least one of the focal plane images ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) is above the pixel value threshold, and by setting a respective pixel of the binary identification image to a second value if a pixel value of a corresponding pixel of all focal plane images ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) is below the pixel value threshold;
identifying in the binary identification image one or more pixel patterns consisting of a singular pixel or a plurality of connected pixels set to the first value;
determining for each focal plane image ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) and each identified pixel pattern of the binary identification image whether one or more pixels of the focal plane image ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) within a respective image portion corresponding to a respective one of the identified pixel patterns ( 172 ) of the binary identification image have a pixel value that is above the pixel value threshold, and identifying the possibly determined one or more pixels in the focal plane image ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) as an image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) showing a possible mold defect.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of identifying one or more image features ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) further includes defining for each identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) a respective region of interest around the identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) such that the identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ), in particular a corresponding pixel pattern ( 172 ) identified in the binary identification image, is included in the region of interest at least for each focal plane image ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) showing the identified image feature.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the step of identifying one or more image features ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) further includes defining for each identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) a respective region of interest around the identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) such that the identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ), in particular a corresponding pixel pattern ( 172 ) identified in the binary identification image, is included in the region of interest at least for each focal plane image ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) showing the identified image feature.
5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the pre-defined sharpness measure of each identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) is determined within the respective region of interest only.
6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein for each identified image feature ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ) the respective image section ( 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ) of the respective sharpest focal plane image ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) corresponds to the respective region of interest.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of generating a focal plane image ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) includes applying a depth-of-field mask after averaging over the masked dark field images ( 54 ) such as to mask out non-sharp image regions showing mold portions which are outside a focal range of the imaging system ( 30 ) at the respective axial position (z 1 , z 2 , z 3 ) of the focal plane ( 31 ).
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step b. includes repeating step a. such as to take at least three images ( 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ) of the mold ( 10 ) corresponding to at least three azimuthal illumination angles (ϕ 1 , ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 , ϕ 4 , ϕ 5 ), which are angularly equidistantly distributed around the center axis (Z).
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step b. includes repeating step a. such as to take at least ten images ( 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ) of the mold ( 10 ) corresponding to at least ten azimuthal illumination angles (ϕ 1 , ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 , ϕ 4 , ϕ 5 ), which are angularly equidistantly distributed around the center axis (Z).
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step e. includes repeating steps a. to d. such as to generate at least three focal plane images ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) corresponding to at least three axial positions (z 1 , z 2 , z 3 ) of the focal plane ( 31 ) of the imaging system ( 30 ), which are equidistantly distributed along the center axis (Z).
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step e. includes repeating steps a. to d. such as to generate at least ten focal plane images ( 61 , 62 , 63 ) corresponding to at least ten axial positions (z 1 , z 2 , z 3 ) of the focal plane ( 31 ) of the imaging system ( 30 ), which are equidistantly distributed along the center axis (Z).
12. The method according to any claim 1 , wherein the polar illumination angle (Θ) is in the range of 1° to 89°.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polar illumination angle (Θ) is in the range of 15° to 45°.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polar illumination angle (Θ) is in the range of 15° to 25°.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mold ( 10 ) is successively illuminated by a plurality of LEDs each configured and arranged for illuminating the mold ( 10 ) at a respective one of the different azimuthal illumination angles (ϕ 1 , ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 , ϕ 4 , ϕ 5 ).
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mold ( 10 ) is illuminated and imaged at a concave side of the mold in case the mold is a female mold, and wherein the mold is illuminated and imaged at a convex side ( 12 ) of the mold ( 10 ) in case the mold ( 10 ) is a male mold ( 10 ).
17. An apparatus ( 1 ) for optically inspecting a mold ( 10 ) for manufacturing ophthalmic lenses, in particular contact lenses, for possible mold defects, in particular for carrying out a method according to any one of the preceding claims, the apparatus comprising:
a mold holder ( 5 ) configured to hold the mold ( 10 ) in a pre-defined position such that a center axis (Z) of the mold ( 10 ) that extends through an apex ( 15 ) of the mold ( 10 ) and normal to a mold surface ( 16 ) at the apex ( 15 ) is aligned with a mounting axis (M) of the mold holder ( 5 );
an illumination system ( 20 ) configured to illuminate the mold ( 10 ) with light ( 26 ) incident at a polar illumination angle (Θ) and at different azimuthal illumination angles (ϕ 1 , ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 , ϕ 4 , ϕ 5 ) with regard to the mounting axis (M); and
an imaging system ( 30 ) arranged along and aligned with the mounting axis (M) and configured to collect and detect light ( 28 ) reflected or scattered, respectively, from the mold ( 10 ), wherein the imaging system ( 30 ) is further configured to adjust a focal plane ( 31 ) of the imaging system ( 30 ) at different axial positions (z 1 , z 2 , z 3 ) along the mounting axis (M) in the range of the mold ( 10 ) when being held by the mold holder ( 5 ).
18. The apparatus according to claim 17 , further comprising a dome ( 100 ) covering the mold holder ( 5 ) and having an axis of symmetry (S) that extends through an apex ( 103 ) of the dome ( 100 ) and that is aligned with the mounting axis (M).
19. The apparatus according to claim 18 , wherein the dome ( 100 ) comprises a plurality of illumination openings ( 101 ) circumferentially arranged around the axis of symmetry (S) at different azimuthal positions according to the polar illumination angle (Θ) and the different azimuthal illumination angles (ϕ 1 , ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 , ϕ 4 , ϕ 5 ), with a light source being arranged in each illumination opening of the plurality of illumination openings ( 101 ).
20. The apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein the dome ( 100 ) comprises a central imaging opening ( 102 ) at the apex ( 103 ) of the dome ( 100 ), with the imaging system being arranged in the central imaging opening ( 102 ).