Oxygen sensors
Oxygen sensing luminescent dyes, polymers and sensors comprising these sensors and methods of using these sensors and systems are provided.
1. A sensor for detecting an analyte comprising a polymer, wherein said polymer comprises one or more residues of a luminescent dye, and wherein the luminescent dye is a photostable porphyrin dye and has excitation and emission spectra in the NIR optical window of a mammalian skin;
wherein the luminescent dye is a compound having the formula:
wherein M is H, Pd, Zn, Pt, Gd or Yb;
each R 1 is same or different and, independently, C(O)X—(CH 2 ) n —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 or C(O)X—(CH 2 CH 2 O) m CH 2 CH 2 —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 ;
R 7 is C(O)X—(CH 2 ) n —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 or C(O)X—(CH 2 CH 2 O) m CH 2 CH 2 —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 ;
R 2 and R 3 are fused, in each case, to form a cycloalkenyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group;
X is O or NR 5 ;
Y is O or NH;
R 4 is H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
R 5 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
each R 6 is same or different and, independently, H or F;
n is 1-10; and
m is 1-300.
2. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the luminescent dye has an absorption maximum between 500 nm and 900 nm and an emission maximum between 600 nm and 1000 nm.
3. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the residue of the luminescent dye is present at a concentration from about 0.01 mM to about 5 mM.
4. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the residue of the luminescent dye is present at the concentration of about 1 mM.
5. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the polymer further comprises the residues of HEMA.
6. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the polymer is a hydrogel.
7. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the analyte is oxygen.
8. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the sensor is tissue-integrating.
9. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the sensor generates detectable luminescent signal when placed under the skin of a mammalian subject.
10. The sensor of claim 9 wherein the sensor generates detectable luminescent signal when placed up to about 5 mm deep under the skin of a mammalian subject.
11. The sensor of claim 9 wherein the sensor generates detectable luminescent signal when placed more than 1 mm deep under the skin of a mammalian subject.
12. The sensor of claim 9 wherein the mammalian subject is a human.
13. The sensor of claim 9 wherein the sensor is stable in a mammalian tissue for longer than 1 week.
14. The sensor of claim 1 further comprising an oxidase.
15. The sensor of claim 14 , wherein the oxidase is a glucose oxidase, ethanol oxidase, lactate oxidase, pyruvate oxidase, bilirubin oxidase, or histamine oxidase.
16. The sensor of claim 14 wherein the analyte is oxygen consumed by the oxidase.
17. The sensor of claim 16 , wherein the oxidase is a glucose oxidase, ethanol oxidase, lactate oxidase, pyruvate oxidase, bilirubin oxidase, or histamine oxidase.
18. The sensor of claim 17 wherein the sensor is tissue-integrating.
19. A sensor for detecting an analyte comprising a polymer, wherein said polymer comprises one or more residues of a luminescent dye, and wherein the luminescent dye is a photostable porphyrin dye and has excitation and emission spectra in the NIR optical window of a mammalian skin;
wherein the luminescent dye is a compound having the formula:
wherein M is H, Pd, Zn, Pt, Gd or Yb;
each R 1 is same or different and, independently, C(O)X—(CH 2 ) n —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 or C(O)X—(CH 2 CH 2 O) m CH 2 CH 2 —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 ;
R 7 is C(O)X—(CH 2 ) n —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 or C(O)X—(CH 2 CH 2 O) m CH 2 CH 2 —YC(O)C(R 4 )CH 2 ;
R 2 and R 3 are fused, in each case, to form a cycloalkenyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group;
X is O;
Y is O or NH;
R 4 is H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
each R 6 is same or different and, independently, H or F;
n is 1-10; and
m is 1-300.
20. The sensor of claim 19 wherein the luminescent dye has an absorption maximum between 500 nm and 900 nm and an emission maximum between 600 nm and 1000 nm.
21. The sensor of claim 19 wherein the residue of the luminescent dye is present at a concentration from about 0.01 mM to about 5 mM.
22. The sensor of claim 21 wherein the residue of the luminescent dye is present at the concentration of about 1 mM.
23. The sensor of claim 19 wherein the polymer further comprises the residues of HEMA.
24. The sensor of claim 19 wherein the polymer is a hydrogel.
25. The sensor of claim 19 wherein the analyte is oxygen.
26. The sensor of claim 19 wherein the sensor is tissue-integrating.
27. The sensor of claim 26 wherein the sensor generates detectable luminescent signal when placed under the skin of a mammalian subject.
28. The sensor of claim 27 wherein the sensor generates detectable luminescent signal when placed up to about 5 mm deep under the skin of a mammalian subject.
29. The sensor of claim 27 wherein the sensor generates detectable luminescent signal when placed more than 1 mm deep under the skin of a mammalian subject.
30. The sensor of claim 27 wherein the mammalian subject is a human.
31. The sensor of claim 27 wherein the sensor is stable in a mammalian tissue for longer than 1 week.
32. The sensor of claim 19 further comprising an oxidase.
33. The sensor of claim 32 , wherein the oxidase is a glucose oxidase, ethanol oxidase, lactate oxidase, pyruvate oxidase, bilirubin oxidase, or histamine oxidase.
34. The sensor of claim 32 wherein the analyte is oxygen consumed by the oxidase.
35. The sensor of claim 34 , wherein the oxidase is a glucose oxidase, ethanol oxidase, lactate oxidase, pyruvate oxidase, bilirubin oxidase, or histamine oxidase.
36. The sensor of claim 35 wherein the sensor is tissue-integrating.