Short hydrophobe anionic surfactants

1. An aqueous composition consisting of water, a compound defined by Formula I

wherein

R 1 is a C 7 -C 12 alkyl group, an R 3 -substituted aryl group, or an R 3 -substituted cycloalkyl group;

R 2 is independently hydrogen or methyl;

R 3 is an alkyl group, wherein the alkyl group together with the aryl group or cycloalkyl group to which the alkyl group is attached comprise from 7 to 12 carbon atoms;

z is an integer from 2 to 24;

X is —SO 3 − M + , —SO 3 H, —CH 2 C(O)O − M + , —CH 2 C(O)OH; and

M + is a cation, and

an additional surfactant,

wherein the compound of Formula I is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.05% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, and

wherein a polymer, an alkali agent, a co-solvent, or a combination thereof are optionally present, wherein when the polymer is present, the polymer is selected from a biopolymer, a polyacrylamide, a hydrolyzed polyacrylamide or a copolymer thereof, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, or a combination thereof.

2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein z is from 2 to 15.

3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a branched C 7 -C 12 alkyl group.

4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a 2-ethylhexyl group.

5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the compound is defined by Formula II

wherein

R 1 is a C 7 -C 12 alkyl group, an R 3 -substituted aryl group, or an R 3 -substituted cycloalkyl group;

R 3 is an alkyl group, wherein the alkyl group together with the aryl group or cycloalkyl group to which the alkyl group is attached comprise from 7 to 12 carbon atoms;

m is an integer from 2 to 24 and n is an integer from 0 to 22, with the proviso that m+n is from 2 to 24;

X is —SO 3 − M + , —SO 3 H, —CH 2 C(O)O − M + , —CH 2 C(O)OH;

and M + is a cation.

6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein m is from 2 to 15.

7. The composition of claim 5 , wherein n is from 0 to 10.

8. The composition of claim 5 , wherein m is an integer from 3 to 10 and n is an integer from 0 to 10, and wherein m+n is from 3 to 15.

9. The composition of claim 5 , wherein R 1 is a branched C 7 -C 12 alkyl group.

10. The composition of claim 5 , wherein R 1 is a 2-ethylhexyl group.

11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the additional surfactant comprises an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkoxy carboxylate surfactants, alkoxy sulfate surfactants, alkoxy sulfonate surfactants, alkyl sulfonate surfactants, aryl sulfonate surfactants, olefin sulfonate surfactants, and combinations thereof.

12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the additional surfactant is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.05% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the additional surfactant comprises a C 10 -C 30 internal olefin sulfate (IOS) or a C 8 -C 30 alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS).

14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the additional surfactant comprises an alkoxy carboxylate surfactant defined by Formula III or Formula IV

wherein

R 1 substituted or unsubstituted C 8 -C 150 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl;

R 2 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl;

R 3 is independently hydrogen or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl;

n is an integer from 2 to 210;

z is an integer from 1 to 6; and

M + is a cation.

15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the additional surfactant comprises an alkoxy sulfate surfactant defined by the formula below

or acid or salt thereof, wherein

R A is C 8 -C 36 alkyl group;

BO represents —CH 2 —CH(ethyl)-O—;

PO represents —CH 2 —CH(methyl)-O—;

EO represents —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—; and

e, f and g are each independently integers from 0 to 50, with the proviso that at least one of e, f and g is not zero.

16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the additional surfactant comprises an alkoxy sulfate surfactant defined Formula VI

wherein

R 1 is an R 4 -substituted or unsubstituted C 8 -C 20 alkyl group, an R 3 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or an R 3 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group;

R 2 is independently hydrogen or methyl;

R 3 is independently an R 4 -substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 15 alkyl, an R 4 -substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or an R 4 -substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group;

R 4 is independently an unsubstituted aryl group or an unsubstituted cycloalkyl group;

n is an integer from 25 to 115;

X is —SO 3 − M + , —SO 3 H, —CH 2 C(O)O − M + , —CH 2 C(O)OH; and

M + is a cation.

17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises

(i) 0.05% to 1% by weight of the compound of Formula I;

(ii) 0.05% to 1% by weight of a C 10 -C 30 internal olefin sulfate (IOS) or a C 8 -C 30 alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS); and

(iii) 0.05% to 1% by weight an alkoxy sulfate surfactant defined by the formula below

or acid or salt thereof, wherein

R A is C 8 -C 36 alkyl group;

BO represents —CH 2 —CH(ethyl)-O—;

PO represents —CH 2 —CH(methyl)-O—;

EO represents —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—; and

e, f and g are each independently integers from 0 to 50, with the proviso that at least one of e, f, and g is not zero.

18. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition includes the polymer.

19. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition includes the alkali agent.

20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a pH of from 10 to 12.

21. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is substantially free of co-solvents.

22. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a salinity of at least 5,000 ppm.

23. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is present and is selected from polyacrylamide, a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, a copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid or sodium salt and polyacrylamide, or a combination thereof.

24. An emulsion comprising (i) an aqueous composition according to claim 1

(ii) unrefined petroleum, and

(iii) an additional surfactant.

25. A method of displacing an unrefined petroleum material in contact with a solid material, said method comprising:

(i) contacting the unrefined petroleum material with a composition comprising an aqueous composition according to claim 1 ,

wherein the unrefined petroleum material is in contact with the solid material; and

(ii) allowing the unrefined petroleum material to separate from the solid material, thereby displacing the unrefined petroleum material in contact with the solid material.