Spark plug resistance element comprising fine non-conductive particles
A spark plug includes a housing, an isolator arranged in the housing, and a ground electrode arranged on a front surface of the housing on a combustion chamber side. The spark plug further includes a central electrode, a terminal stud, and a resistance element all of which are arranged in the isolator. The resistance element is spatially arranged between the central electrode and the terminal stud and connects the central electrode to the terminal stud. The ground electrode forms a spark gap together with the central electrode. The resistance element contains a resistance material that contains conductive particles and non-conductive particles. At least 80% of the non-conductive particles have a maximum diameter of 20 μm.
1. A spark plug, comprising:
a housing;
an insulator arranged in the housing;
a center electrode, a terminal stud, and a resistance element all of which are arranged in the insulator; and
a ground electrode that is arranged on an end face of the housing on a combustion chamber side and forms a spark gap together with the center electrode, wherein:
the resistance element is spatially arranged between the center electrode and the terminal stud and electrically connects the center electrode to the terminal stud, the resistance element containing a resistance panat that contains at least one conduction path region including fine conductive particles and fine nonconductive particles, the at least one conduction path region extending through a plurality of coarse nonconductive particles, and
at least 80% of the plurality of coarse nonconductive particles have a diameter of at most 20 μm.
2. The spark plug as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least 90% of the plurality of coarse nonconductive particles have a diameter of at most 10 μm.
3. The spark plug as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least 80% of the fine conductive particles and at least 80% of the plurality of coarse nonconductive particles have a diameter of at most 20 μm.
4. The spark plug as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of coarse nonconductive particles are glass particles and ceramic particles.
5. The spark plug as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the glass particles contain one or more of an alkaline earth oxide and an alkali oxide.
6. The spark plug as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the proportion of the glass particles in the resistance panat is less than or equal to 30 wt. %.
7. The spark plug as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the ceramic particles are one or more of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , and TiO 2 .
8. The spark plug as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fine conductive particles are carbon black, graphite, iron, copper, or aluminum.
9. The spark plug as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the fine conductive particles have a diameter of 300 nm to 1300 nm.
10. The spark plug as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the resistance element is a layer system, which comprises the resistance panat and at least one contact panat, wherein the at least one contact panat is arranged spatially between the terminal stud and the resistance panat or between the center electrode and the resistance panat, or wherein a first contact panat is arranged spatially between the terminal stud and the resistance panat and a second contact panat is arranged spatially between the resistance panat and the center electrode.
11. The spark plug as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the alkaline earth oxide is CaO.
12. The spark plug as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the alkali oxide is Li 2 O.
13. The spark plug as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the glass particles contain a borosilicate glass having SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , CaO, and Li 2 O.
14. The spark plug as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the fine conductive particles have a diameter of no more than 10 μm; and
the fine nonconductive particles have a diameter of no more than 10 μm.
15. A spark plug, comprising:
a housing;
an insulator arranged in the housing;
a center electrode, a terminal stud, and a resistance element all of which are arranged in the insulator; and
a ground electrode that is arranged on an end face of the housing on a combustion chamber side and forms a spark gap together with the center electrode, wherein:
the resistance element is spatially arranged between the center electrode and the terminal stud and electrically connects the center electrode to the terminal stud, the resistance element containing a resistance panat that contains conductive particles and nonconductive particles in the form of glass particles and ceramic particles,
at least 80% of the nonconductive particles have a diameter of at most 20 μm, and
the proportion of the glass particles in the resistance panat is less than or equal to 30 wt. %.