Non-orthogonality compensation of a magnetic field sensor

1. A method of determining an orthogonality error of a magnetic field sensor, the method comprising:

receiving a first input signal on a first channel of the magnetic field sensor;

receiving a second input signal on a second channel of the magnetic field sensor;

removing offset and gain from the first input signal and the second input signal to generate a first offset and gain compensated signal and a second offset and gain compensated signal;

applying one or more zero-crossing detectors to the first and second offset and gain compensated signals;

applying one or more peak detectors to the first and second offset and gain compensated signals;

using an output of the one or more zero-crossing detectors and the one or more peak detectors to calculate a first constant and a second constant, wherein each of the first constant and the second constant is a function of the orthogonality error; and

using the first constant and the second constant to compensate for the orthogonality error between the first channel and the second channel of the magnetic field sensor.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first input signal and the second input signal are received at substantially the same time.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first input signal and the second input signal are magnetic field signals indicative of a magnetic field affected by a target proximate the magnetic field sensor.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the one or more zero-crossing detectors to the first and second offset and gain compensated signals comprises:

applying a first zero-crossing detector to the first offset and gain compensated signal to identify a first zero-crossing point in the first offset and gain compensated signal;

applying a second zero-crossing detector to the first offset and gain compensated signal to identify a second zero-crossing point in the first offset and gain compensated signal;

applying a third zero-crossing detector to the second offset and gain compensated signal to identify a first zero-crossing point in the second offset and gain compensated signal; and

applying a fourth zero-crossing detector to the second offset and gain compensated signal to identify a second zero-crossing point in the second offset and gain compensated signal.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the one or more peak detectors to the first and second offset and gain compensated signals comprises:

applying a first peak detector to the first offset and gain compensated signal to identify a positive peak value in the first offset and gain compensated signal;

applying a second peak detector to the first offset and gain compensated signal to identify a negative peak value in the first offset and gain compensated signal;

applying a third peak detector to the second offset and gain compensated signal to identify a positive peak value in the second offset and gain compensated signal; and

applying a fourth peak detector to the second offset and gain compensated signal to identify a negative peak value in the second offset and gain compensated signal.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein using the first constant and the second constant to compensate for the orthogonality error between the first channel and the second channel of the magnetic field sensor comprises:

cross-summing the first offset and gain compensated signal with the second offset and gain compensated signal to generate a first intermediate channel signal and a second intermediate channel signal;

multiplying the first intermediate channel signal by a first approximation of the first constant to generate a first orthogonality compensated signal; and

multiplying the second intermediate channel signal by a second approximation of the second constant to generate a second orthogonality compensated signal.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to receiving the first input signal on the first channel of the magnetic field sensor:

setting the first input signal at a first input of a processor to a constant value;

during the setting of the first input signal, measuring a first transition at an output of the processor;

setting the second input signal at a second input of a processor to the constant value;

during the setting of the second input signal, measuring a second transition at the output of the processor; and

using a deviation between the first transition and the second transition from respective expected transitions of the output signal of the processor to calculate the first constant and the second constant.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first input signal is set to the constant value during a first time period, and the second input signal is set to the constant value during a second time period different than the first time period.

9. A method of determining an orthogonality error of a magnetic field sensor, the method comprising:

receiving a first input signal on a first channel of the magnetic field sensor;

receiving a second input signal on a second channel of the magnetic field sensor;

applying one or more detectors to the first input signal and the second input signal;

using an output of the one or more detectors to calculate a first constant and a second constant, wherein each of the first constant and the second constant is a function of the orthogonality error; and

using the first constant and the second constant to compensate for the orthogonality error between the first channel and the second channel of the magnetic field sensor.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more detectors comprise one or more peak detectors, wherein the one or more peak detectors are configured to compare the output of the first input signal or the second input signal to a threshold value, and wherein the threshold value comprises a predetermined value that is determine to be a peak for the first input signal or the second input signal.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more detectors includes one or more zero-crossing detectors, and wherein the threshold value comprises zero to determine the zero-crossing values of the first input signal or the second input signal.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more detectors comprise one or more peak detectors, and wherein applying the one or more peak detectors to the first input signal and the second input signal comprises:

applying a first peak detector to the first input signal to identify a positive peak value in the first input signal;

applying a second peak detector to the first input signal to identify a negative peak value in the first input signal;

applying a third peak detector to the second input signal to identify a positive peak value in the second input signal; and

applying a fourth peak detector to the second input signal to identify a negative peak value in the second input signal.

13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more detectors comprise one or more zero-crossing detectors, wherein applying the one or more zero-crossing detectors to the first input signal and the second input signal comprises:

applying a first zero-crossing detector to the first input signal to identify a first zero-crossing point in the first input signal;

applying a second zero-crossing detector to the first input signal to identify a second zero-crossing point in the first input signal;

applying a third zero-crossing detector to the second input signal to identify a first zero-crossing point in the second input signal; and

applying a fourth zero-crossing detector to the second input signal to identify a second zero-crossing point in the second input signal.

14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more detectors comprise one or more peak detectors and one or more zero-crossing detectors, and wherein applying the one or more detectors to the first input signal and the second input signal comprises:

applying a first peak detector to the first input signal to identify a positive peak value in the first input signal;

applying a second peak detector to the first input signal to identify a negative peak value in the first input signal;

applying a third peak detector to the second input signal to identify a positive peak value in the second input signal;

applying a fourth peak detector to the second input signal to identify a negative peak value in the second input signal;

applying a first zero-crossing detector to the first input signal to identify a first zero-crossing point in the first input signal;

applying a second zero-crossing detector to the first input signal to identify a second zero-crossing point in the first input signal;

applying a third zero-crossing detector to the second input signal to identify a first zero-crossing point in the second input signal; and

applying a fourth zero-crossing detector to the second input signal to identify a second zero-crossing point in the second input signal.

15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:

using the positive peak value and the negative peak value in the first input signal, the positive peak value and the negative peak value in the second input signal, the first zero-crossing point and the second zero-crossing point in the first input signal, and the first zero-crossing point and the second zero-crossing point in the second input signal to generate the first constant and the second constant.

16. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first input signal and the second input signal are received at substantially the same time.

17. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:

storing the first constant and the second constant in a memory coupled to the magnetic field sensor.

18. The method of claim 9 , further comprising, prior to receiving the first input signal on the first channel of the magnetic field sensor:

setting the first input signal at a first input of a processor to a constant value;

during the setting of the first input signal, measuring a first transition at an output of the processor;

setting the second input signal at a second input of the processor to the constant value;

during the setting of the second input signal, measuring a second transition at the output of the processor; and

using a deviation between the first transition and the second transition from respective expected transitions of the output signal of the processor to calculate the first constant and the second constant.

19. A magnetic field sensor comprising:

a first magnetic field sensing element for generating a first input signal and having a first axis of maximum sensitivity;

a second magnetic field sensing element for generating a second input signal and having a second axis of maximum sensitivity;

one or more detectors for receiving an output of the first magnetic field sensing element or the second magnetic field sensing element; and

at least one processor that receives an output of the one or more detectors and uses the output of the one or more detectors to calculate a first constant and a second constant, and then uses the first constant and the second constant to compensate for an orthogonality error between the first axis of maximum sensitivity and the second axis of maximum sensitivity.

20. The magnetic field sensor of claim 19 , wherein the one or more detectors comprise one or more peak detectors, wherein the one or more peak detectors are configured to compare the output of the first input signal or the second input signal to a threshold value, and wherein the threshold value comprises a predetermined value that is determined to be a peak for the first input signal or the second input signal.

21. The magnetic field sensor of claim 20 , wherein applying the one or more peak detectors comprises:

applying a first peak detector to the first input signal to identify a positive peak value in the first input signal;

applying a second peak detector to the first input signal to identify a negative peak value in the first input signal;

applying a third peak detector to the second input signal to identify a positive peak value in the second input signal; and

applying a fourth peak detector to the second input signal to identify a negative peak value in the second input signal.

22. The magnetic field sensor of claim 20 , wherein the processor comprises one or more of a CORDIC processor, a look-up table, or a polynomial approximator.

23. The magnetic field sensor of claim 19 , wherein the one or more detectors comprise at least one peak detector and at least one zero-crossing detector.

24. The magnetic field sensor of claim 23 , wherein applying the at least one peak detector and the at least one zero-crossing detector comprises:

applying a first peak detector to the first input signal to identify a positive peak value in the first input signal;

applying a second peak detector to the first input signal to identify a negative peak value in the first input signal;

applying a third peak detector to the second input signal to identify a positive peak value in the second input signal;

applying a fourth peak detector to the second input signal to identify a negative peak value in the second input signal;

applying a first zero-crossing detector to the first input signal to identify a first zero-crossing point in the first input signal;

applying a second zero-crossing detector to the first input signal to identify a second zero-crossing point in the first input signal;

applying a third zero-crossing detector to the second input signal to identify a first zero-crossing point in the second input signal; and

applying a fourth zero-crossing detector to the second input signal to identify a second zero-crossing point in the second input signal.

25. A method of determining an orthogonality error of a magnetic field sensor, the method comprising:

setting a first input signal at a first input of a processor to a constant value during a first time period;

during the first time period, measuring a first transition at an output of the processor;

setting a second input signal at a second input of a processor to the constant value during a second time period different than the first time period;

during the second time period, measuring a second transition at the output of the processor;

receiving a first input signal on a first channel of the magnetic field sensor during a third time period different than the first time period and different than the second time period;

receiving a second input signal on a second channel of the magnetic field sensor during the third time period;

applying one or more detectors to the first input signal and the second input signal receiving during the third time period;

using an output of the one or more detectors and a deviation between the first transition and the second transition from respective expected transitions of an output signal of the processor to calculate a first constant and a second constant, wherein each of the first constant and the second constant is a function of the orthogonality error; and

using the first constant and the second constant to compensate for the orthogonality error between the first channel and the second channel of the magnetic field sensor.

26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the first time period is non-overlapping with the second time period, and the second time period is non-overlapping with the third time period.