Metal-metal battery
An electrochemical cell includes a metal containing anode M′ capturing and releasing cations, a metal containing cathode M″ and an electrolyte including an anion X − and a cation M′ + . During the charge process, the electrolyte allows reversible reactions wherein the anion dissociates from the electrolyte and reacts with the metal cathode forming M″X y . At the same time, cations M′ + from the electrolyte deposit on the anode side. The reverse process happens during the discharge process.
1. An electrochemical cell comprising:
a magnesium containing anode structured to capture and release cations;
a metal cathode comprising a metal selected from 3d, 4d and 5d metals;
a non-aqueous organic electrolyte for the magnesium containing anode and the metal cathode including an anion and a magnesium cation;
wherein, in a charged state, at least a portion of the magnesium cation from the non-aqueous organic electrolyte is present at the magnesium containing anode and the metal cathode comprises a reactant formed from oxidizing the metal cathode with the anion of the non-aqueous organic electrolyte, and
the electrochemical cell has a discharge plateau from 1.6V to 2V.
2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 ,
wherein, in a discharged state, the magnesium cation and the anion are present in the non-aqueous organic electrolyte.
3. An electrochemical cell comprising:
a magnesium containing anode structured to capture and release cations M′;
a metal containing cathode M″;
a non aqueous organic electrolyte for the magnesium containing anode and the metal containing cathode including an anion X − and a magnesium cation M′ + ;
wherein, when in the charged state, the metal containing cathode comprises M″X y ,
M″ is selected from 3d, 4d and 5d metals, and
the electrochemical cell has a discharge plateau from 1.6V to 2V.
4. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein M″X y is insoluble in the non-aqueous organic electrolyte.
5. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein M″ is selected from Ag, Pb and Cu.
6. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein X − is selected from F − , Cl − , Br − , I − .
7. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein the metal containing cathode is selected from M″F y , M″Cl y , M″Br y , M″I y .
8. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein M″X y is selected from AgCl, PbCl 2 , and Cu 2 Cl 2 .
9. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein M′ + dissociates and deposits and or inserts to the magnesium containing anode during charging of the electrochemical cell.
10. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein M′ + migrates from the magnesium containing anode back to the non-aqueous organic electrolyte during discharge of the electrochemical cell.
11. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein X − migrates from the metal containing cathode back to the non-aqueous organic electrolyte during discharge of the electrochemical cell.
12. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein
the metal cathode comprises a member selected from the group consisting of Ag, Pb, and Cu.
13. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 wherein, in the charged state, the metal cathode comprises a metal halide.
14. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 wherein the non-aqueous organic electrolyte is PhMgCl—AlCl 3 .