Road vehicle with dual-clutch transmission and hybrid drive and relative control method

1. A road vehicle ( 1 ) with hybrid drive comprising:

at least one pair of drive wheels ( 3 );

an internal combustion heat engine ( 5 );

a dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) comprising: a first primary shaft ( 16 ) and a second primary shaft ( 17 ); a first clutch ( 18 ) interposed between the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ) and the first primary shaft ( 16 ); a second clutch ( 18 ) interposed between the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ) and the second primary shaft ( 16 ); at least one secondary shaft ( 20 ) permanently driving the drive wheels ( 3 ); a plurality of first gearings ( 24 ), each defining a respective gear and comprising a primary gear wheel ( 25 ), which is mounted on one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ), and a secondary gear wheel ( 26 ), which is mounted on the secondary shaft ( 20 ) and permanently meshes with the primary gear wheel ( 25 ); and a plurality of synchronizers ( 27 , 28 , 29 ), each mounted on one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) and designed to fit at least one corresponding primary gear wheel ( 25 ) to one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ), or mounted on the secondary shaft ( 20 ) and designed to fit at least one corresponding secondary gear wheel ( 26 ) to the secondary shaft ( 20 ); and

a reversible electric machine ( 8 ) having a shaft ( 34 ), which can be connected to at least one the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) of the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 );

wherein the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) further comprises: an intermediate shaft ( 37 ), which is coaxial the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) and is permanently connected to the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) so that a rotation of the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is directly affected by a rotation of the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) and vice versa; a third clutch ( 32 ), which is interposed between the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the first primary shaft ( 16 ) so as to connect/disconnect the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) to/from the first primary shaft ( 16 ); and a fourth clutch ( 33 ), which is interposed between the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the second primary shaft ( 17 ) so as to connect/disconnect the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) to/from the second primary shaft ( 17 );

wherein all clutches ( 18 , 19 , 32 , 33 ) are coaxial to one another;

wherein the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is directly connected to the third clutch ( 32 ) and to the fourth clutch ( 33 );

wherein the first clutch ( 18 ) is coaxial and coupled to the third clutch ( 32 ) so as to form one single unit with the third clutch ( 32 );

wherein the second clutch ( 19 ) is coaxial and coupled to the fourth clutch ( 33 ) so as to form one single unit with the fourth clutch ( 33 );

wherein the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) comprises a third gearing, which connects the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) to the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and comprises a second gear wheel ( 38 ) splined to the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ), and a third gear wheel ( 39 ) splined to the intermediate shaft ( 37 );

wherein the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) are coaxial to one another, face one another head to head, and are axially spaced apart from one another; and

wherein the third gear wheel ( 39 ) is arranged between the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ).

2. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is internally hollow and houses, on the inside, a drive shaft ( 9 ), which receives/transmits the motion to the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ).

3. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 2 , wherein both the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) are hollow and house, on the inside, both the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the drive shaft ( 9 ).

4. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 2 , wherein the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is completely arranged on the outside of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) and at an axial distance other than zero from the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ).

5. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the unit consisting of the first clutch ( 18 ) and the third clutch ( 32 ) and the unit consisting of the second clutch ( 19 ) and the fourth clutch ( 33 ) are arranged at opposite ends of the intermediate shaft ( 37 ).

6. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:

a first synchronizer ( 29 ) is arranged in a central position around the secondary shaft ( 20 );

two second synchronizers ( 27 , 28 ) are arranged in a lateral position around the corresponding primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ).

7. A road vehicle ( 1 ) with hybrid drive comprising:

at least one pair of drive wheels ( 3 );

an internal combustion heat engine ( 5 );

a dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) comprising: a first primary shaft ( 16 ) and a second primary shaft ( 17 ); a first clutch ( 18 ) interposed between the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ) and the first primary shaft ( 16 ); a second clutch ( 18 ) interposed between the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ) and the second primary shaft ( 16 ); at least one secondary shaft ( 20 ) permanently driving the drive wheels ( 3 ); a plurality of first gearings ( 24 ), each defining a respective gear and comprising a primary gear wheel ( 25 ), which is mounted on one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ), and a secondary gear wheel ( 26 ), which is mounted on the secondary shaft ( 20 ) and permanently meshes with the primary gear wheel ( 25 ); and a plurality of synchronizers ( 27 , 28 , 29 ), each mounted on one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) and designed to fit at least one corresponding primary gear wheel ( 25 ) to one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ), or mounted on the secondary shaft ( 20 ) and designed to fit at least one corresponding secondary gear wheel ( 26 ) to the secondary shaft ( 20 ); and

a reversible electric machine ( 8 ) having a shaft ( 34 ), which can be connected to at least one the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) of the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 );

wherein the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) further comprises: an intermediate shaft ( 37 ), which is coaxial the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) and is permanently connected to the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) so that a rotation of the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is directly affected by a rotation of the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) and vice versa; a third clutch ( 32 ), which is interposed between the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the first primary shaft ( 16 ) so as to connect/disconnect the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) to/from the first primary shaft ( 16 ); and a fourth clutch ( 33 ), which is interposed between the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the second primary shaft ( 17 ) so as to connect/disconnect the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) to/from the second primary shaft ( 17 );

wherein all clutches ( 18 , 19 , 32 , 33 ) are coaxial to one another;

wherein the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is directly connected to the third clutch ( 32 ) and to the fourth clutch ( 33 );

wherein the first clutch ( 18 ) is coaxial and coupled to the third clutch ( 32 ) so as to form one single unit with the third clutch ( 32 );

wherein the second clutch ( 19 ) is coaxial and coupled to the fourth clutch ( 33 ) so as to form one single unit with the fourth clutch ( 33 ); and

wherein the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is internally hollow and houses, on the inside, a drive shaft ( 9 ), which receives/transmits the motion to the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ).

8. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 7 , wherein both the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) are hollow and house, on the inside, both the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the drive shaft ( 9 ).

9. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 7 , wherein the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) comprises a third gearing, which connects the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) to the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and comprises a second gear wheel ( 38 ) splined to the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ), and a third gear wheel ( 39 ) splined to the intermediate shaft ( 37 ).

10. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 9 , wherein:

the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) are coaxial to one another, face one another head to head, and are axially spaced apart from one another; and

the third gear wheel ( 39 ) is arranged between the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ).

11. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 7 , wherein the unit consisting of the first clutch ( 18 ) and the third clutch ( 32 ) and the unit consisting of the second clutch ( 19 ) and the fourth clutch ( 33 ) are arranged at opposite ends of the intermediate shaft ( 37 ).

12. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 7 , wherein:

a first synchronizer ( 29 ) is arranged in a central position around the secondary shaft ( 20 );

two second synchronizers ( 27 , 28 ) are arranged in a lateral position around the corresponding primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ).

13. A road vehicle ( 1 ) with hybrid drive comprising:

at least one pair of drive wheels ( 3 );

an internal combustion heat engine ( 5 );

a dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) comprising: a first primary shaft ( 16 ) and a second primary shaft ( 17 ); a first clutch ( 18 ) interposed between the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ) and the first primary shaft ( 16 ); a second clutch ( 18 ) interposed between the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ) and the second primary shaft ( 16 ); at least one secondary shaft ( 20 ) permanently driving the drive wheels ( 3 ); a plurality of first gearings ( 24 ), each defining a respective gear and comprising a primary gear wheel ( 25 ), which is mounted on one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ), and a secondary gear wheel ( 26 ), which is mounted on the secondary shaft ( 20 ) and permanently meshes with the primary gear wheel ( 25 ); and a plurality of synchronizers ( 27 , 28 , 29 ), each mounted on one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) and designed to fit at least one corresponding primary gear wheel ( 25 ) to one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ), or mounted on the secondary shaft ( 20 ) and designed to fit at least one corresponding secondary gear wheel ( 26 ) to the secondary shaft ( 20 ); and

a reversible electric machine ( 8 ) having a shaft ( 34 ), which can be connected to at least one the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) of the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 );

wherein the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) further comprises: an intermediate shaft ( 37 ), which is coaxial the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) and is permanently connected to the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) so that a rotation of the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is directly affected by a rotation of the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) and vice versa; a third clutch ( 32 ), which is interposed between the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the first primary shaft ( 16 ) so as to connect/disconnect the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) to/from the first primary shaft ( 16 ); and a fourth clutch ( 33 ), which is interposed between the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the second primary shaft ( 17 ) so as to connect/disconnect the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) to/from the second primary shaft ( 17 );

wherein all clutches ( 18 , 19 , 32 , 33 ) are coaxial to one another;

wherein the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is directly connected to the third clutch ( 32 ) and to the fourth clutch ( 33 );

wherein the first clutch ( 18 ) is coaxial and coupled to the third clutch ( 32 ) so as to form one single unit with the third clutch ( 32 );

wherein the second clutch ( 19 ) is coaxial and coupled to the fourth clutch ( 33 ) so as to form one single unit with the fourth clutch ( 33 ); and

wherein the unit consisting of the first clutch ( 18 ) and the third clutch ( 32 ) and the unit consisting of the second clutch ( 19 ) and the fourth clutch ( 33 ) are arranged at opposite ends of the intermediate shaft ( 37 ).

14. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 13 , wherein both the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) are hollow and house, on the inside, both the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the drive shaft ( 9 ).

15. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 13 , wherein the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) comprises a third gearing, which connects the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) to the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and comprises a second gear wheel ( 38 ) splined to the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ), and a third gear wheel ( 39 ) splined to the intermediate shaft ( 37 ).

16. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 15 , wherein:

the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) are coaxial to one another, face one another head to head, and are axially spaced apart from one another; and

the third gear wheel ( 39 ) is arranged between the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ).

17. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 13 , wherein the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is internally hollow and houses, on the inside, a drive shaft ( 9 ), which receives/transmits the motion to the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ).

18. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 13 , wherein:

a first synchronizer ( 29 ) is arranged in a central position around the secondary shaft ( 20 );

two second synchronizers ( 27 , 28 ) are arranged in a lateral position around the corresponding primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ).

19. A road vehicle ( 1 ) with hybrid drive comprising:

at least one pair of drive wheels ( 3 );

an internal combustion heat engine ( 5 );

a dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) comprising: a first primary shaft ( 16 ) and a second primary shaft ( 17 ); a first clutch ( 18 ) interposed between the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ) and the first primary shaft ( 16 ); a second clutch ( 18 ) interposed between the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ) and the second primary shaft ( 16 ); at least one secondary shaft ( 20 ) permanently driving the drive wheels ( 3 ); a plurality of first gearings ( 24 ), each defining a respective gear and comprising a primary gear wheel ( 25 ), which is mounted on one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ), and a secondary gear wheel ( 26 ), which is mounted on the secondary shaft ( 20 ) and permanently meshes with the primary gear wheel ( 25 ); and a plurality of synchronizers ( 27 , 28 , 29 ), each mounted on one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) and designed to fit at least one corresponding primary gear wheel ( 25 ) to one of the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ), or mounted on the secondary shaft ( 20 ) and designed to fit at least one corresponding secondary gear wheel ( 26 ) to the secondary shaft ( 20 ); and

a reversible electric machine ( 8 ) having a shaft ( 34 ), which can be connected to at least one the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) of the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 );

wherein the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) further comprises: an intermediate shaft ( 37 ), which is coaxial the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) and is permanently connected to the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) so that a rotation of the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is directly affected by a rotation of the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) and vice versa; a third clutch ( 32 ), which is interposed between the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the first primary shaft ( 16 ) so as to connect/disconnect the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) to/from the first primary shaft ( 16 ); and a fourth clutch ( 33 ), which is interposed between the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the second primary shaft ( 17 ) so as to connect/disconnect the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) to/from the second primary shaft ( 17 );

wherein all clutches ( 18 , 19 , 32 , 33 ) are coaxial to one another;

wherein the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is directly connected to the third clutch ( 32 ) and to the fourth clutch ( 33 );

wherein the first clutch ( 18 ) is coaxial to the third clutch ( 32 ) and is mounted together with the third clutch ( 32 ) so as to form one single unit with the third clutch ( 32 ) and so as the first clutch ( 18 ) is arranged closer to the third clutch ( 32 ) than to the second clutch ( 19 ); and

wherein the second clutch ( 19 ) is coaxial to the fourth clutch ( 33 ) and is mounted together with the fourth clutch ( 33 ) so as to form one single unit with the fourth clutch ( 33 ) and so as the second clutch ( 19 ) is arranged closer to the fourth clutch ( 33 ) than to the first clutch ( 18 ).

20. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 19 , wherein the dual-clutch transmission ( 10 ) comprises a third gearing, which connects the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ) to the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and comprises a second gear wheel ( 38 ) splined to the shaft ( 34 ) of the electric machine ( 8 ), and a third gear wheel ( 39 ) splined to the intermediate shaft ( 37 ).

21. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 20 , wherein:

the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) are coaxial to one another, face one another head to head, and are axially spaced apart from one another; and

the third gear wheel ( 39 ) is arranged between the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ).

22. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 19 , wherein the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) is internally hollow and houses, on the inside, a drive shaft ( 9 ), which receives/transmits the motion to the internal combustion heat engine ( 5 ).

23. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 22 , wherein both the first and second primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ) are hollow and house, on the inside, both the intermediate shaft ( 37 ) and the drive shaft ( 9 ).

24. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 19 , wherein the unit consisting of the first clutch ( 18 ) and the third clutch ( 32 ) and the unit consisting of the second clutch ( 19 ) and the fourth clutch ( 33 ) are arranged at opposite ends of the intermediate shaft ( 37 ).

25. A road vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 19 , wherein:

a first synchronizer ( 29 ) is arranged in a central position around the secondary shaft ( 20 ); and two second synchronizers ( 27 , 28 ) are arranged in a lateral position around the corresponding primary shafts ( 16 , 17 ).