Electronic fitness device with optical cardiac monitoring
An electronic fitness device comprises a first optical transmitter array, a first optical receiver, a second optical receiver, and a processing element. The first optical transmitter array includes first optical transmitter operable to transmit a first optical signal having a first wavelength and a second optical transmitter operable to transmit a second optical signal having a second wavelength. The first optical receiver is operable to receive modulated optical signals and generate a first photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal resulting from the first optical signal and a second PPG signal resulting from the second optical signal. The second optical receiver is operable to receive modulated optical signals and generate a third PPG signal resulting from the first optical signal and a fourth PPG signal resulting from the second optical signal. The processing element is operable to determine cardiac information of the user based on the received PPG signals.
1. An electronic fitness device comprising:
a housing including a bottom wall and one or more side walls;
a first optical transmitter array positioned in a first opening on the bottom wall and including a first optical transmitter configured to transmit a first optical signal having a first wavelength and a second optical transmitter configured to transmit a second optical signal having a second wavelength;
a first lens covering the first optical transmitter array and configured to direct the first and second optical signals into the skin of a user;
a first optical receiver positioned in a second opening on the bottom wall at a first distance from the first optical transmitter array, the first optical receiver configured to receive optical signals modulated by the skin of the user and generate a first photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal resulting from the first optical signal and a second PPG signal resulting from the second optical signal;
a second lens covering the first optical receiver and configured to direct optical signals from the skin to the first optical receiver;
a second optical receiver positioned in a third opening on the bottom wall at a second distance from the first optical transmitter array, the second optical receiver configured to receive optical signals modulated by the skin of the user and generate a third PPG signal resulting from the first optical signal and a fourth PPG signal resulting from the second optical signal;
a third lens covering the second optical receiver and configured to direct optical signals reflected from the skin to the second optical receiver; and
a processing element in electronic communication with the first optical transmitter array and the first and second optical receivers, the processing element configured to:
control the first optical transmitter to transmit the first optical signal during a first period of time,
control the second optical transmitter to transmit the second optical signal during a second period of time,
receive the PPG signals from the first optical receiver and the second optical receiver,
identify a component of the first PPG signal that is substantially correlated with one or more components of the third PPG signal,
produce a first wavelength PPG signal based on the correlation of the first PPG signal and the third PPG signal,
produce a second wavelength PPG signal related to the second wavelength and based on the second PPG signal and the fourth PPG signal, and
determine cardiac information of the user based on the first wavelength PPG signal and the second wavelength PPG signal.
2. The electronic fitness device of claim 1 , wherein the optical signals transmitted from the first optical transmitter array to the first optical receiver travel a greater distance than the optical signals transmitted from the first optical transmitter array to the second optical receiver.
3. The electronic fitness device of claim 1 , wherein the processing element is further configured to utilize the first wavelength PPG signal and the second wavelength PPG signal to determine a pulse oximetry of the user.
4. The electronic fitness device of claim 3 , wherein the first wavelength ranges from approximately 630 nm to approximately 660 nm and the second wavelength ranges from approximately 900 nm to approximately 940 nm.
5. The electronic fitness device of claim 1 , wherein the produced first wavelength PPG signal is an average of the first PPG signal and the third PPG signal.
6. The electronic fitness device of claim 1 , wherein the produced second wavelength PPG signal is an average of the second PPG signal and the fourth PPG signal.
7. The electronic fitness device of claim 1 , wherein the processing element is further configured to utilize the second wavelength PPG signal to minimize a motion component of the first wavelength PPG signal.
8. The electronic fitness device of claim 1 , wherein the processing element is further configured to identify a component of the second PPG signal which is substantially correlated with one or more components of the fourth PPG signal and wherein the second wavelength PPG signal is produced based on the correlation of the second PPG signal and the fourth PPG signal.
9. The electronic fitness device of claim 1 , wherein the processing element is further configured to utilize the first wavelength PPG signal to determine a heart rate of the user.
10. The electronic fitness device of claim 1 , wherein the processing element is further configured to:
produce a motion-compensated first PPG signal by reducing a motion component of the first PPG signal based on the second PPG signal,
produce a motion-compensated third PPG signal by reducing a motion component of the third PPG signal based on the fourth PPG signal, and
produce a first wavelength PPG signal based on the motion-compensated first PPG signal and the motion-compensated third PPG signal.
11. The electronic fitness device of claim 1 , wherein the first optical transmitter array further includes a third optical transmitter configured to transmit a third optical signal having a third wavelength and a fourth optical transmitter configured to transmit a fourth optical signal having a fourth wavelength.
12. The electronic fitness device of claim 11 , wherein the first wavelength ranges from approximately 540 nm to approximately 580 nm, the second wavelength ranges from approximately 660 nm to approximately 700 nm, the third wavelength ranges from approximately 630 nm to approximately 660 nm, and the fourth optical wavelength ranges from approximately 900 nm to approximately 940 nm.
13. The electronic fitness device of claim 11 , further comprising:
a second optical transmitter array positioned in a fourth opening on the bottom wall and including a fifth optical transmitter configured to transmit a fifth optical signal and a sixth optical transmitter configured to transmit a sixth optical signal; and
a fourth lens covering the second optical transmitter array and configured to direct the fifth and sixth optical signals into the skin of the user,
wherein the fifth optical signal has the first wavelength and the sixth optical signal has the second wavelength.
14. An electronic fitness device comprising:
a housing including a bottom wall and one or more side walls;
a first optical transmitter positioned along the bottom wall and configured to transmit a first optical signal having a first wavelength into the skin of a user;
a second optical transmitter positioned along the bottom wall and configured to transmit a second optical signal having a second wavelength into the skin of the user;
a first optical receiver positioned along the bottom wall, the first optical receiver configured to receive optical signals modulated by the skin of the user and generate a first photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal related to the first wavelength and a second PPG signal related to the second wavelength;
a second optical receiver positioned along the bottom wall, the second optical receiver configured to receive optical signals modulated by the skin of the user and generate a third PPG signal related to the first wavelength and a fourth PPG signal related to the second wavelength; and
a processing element in electronic communication with the optical transmitters and the optical receivers, the processing element configured to:
control each optical transmitter to transmit its optical signal during a separate period of time,
receive the PPG signals from the first optical receiver and the second optical receiver,
identify a component of the first PPG signal that is substantially correlated with one or more components of the third PPG signal,
produce a first wavelength PPG signal based on the correlation of the first PPG signal and the third PPG signal,
utilize the second PPG signal and the fourth PPG signal to produce a second wavelength PPG signal, and
determine cardiac information of the user based on the first and second wavelength PPG signals.
15. The electronic fitness device of claim 14 , wherein the processing element is further configured to utilize the first wavelength PPG signal and the second wavelength PPG signal to determine a pulse oximetry of the user.
16. The electronic fitness device of claim 15 , wherein the first wavelength ranges from approximately 630 nm to approximately 660 nm and the second wavelength ranges from approximately 900 nm to approximately 940 nm.