Prevention of liver cancer with safranal-based formulations
Methods of preventing the formation of liver cancer in a subject are described herein. In the disclosed methods, a prophylactically effective amount of safranal may be administered to a subject. In some embodiments, the subject may suffer from hepatic oxidative stress and/or hepatic inflammation. In another aspect, methods of preventing the formation of a liver cancer in a subject are disclosed that include monitoring the level of a liver cancer marker and administering a prophylactically effective amount of safranal to the subject, such that the effective amount is effective to maintain a normal level of the liver cancer marker.
1. A method of reducing carcinogenesis of liver cancer in a human or animal, comprising administering an amount of safranal to the human or animal subject,
wherein the human or animal subject suffers from hepatic oxidative stress and exhibits elevated levels of one or more markers associated with liver tumorigenesis selected from the group consisting of: malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPE), and serum protein carbonyl (P. carbonyl), and
wherein the amount of safranal is from 15 mg/day per kg body weight to 60 mg/day per kg body weight of the subject.
2. The method of claim 1 , where the subject suffers from hepatic inflammation.
3. The method of claim 1 , where the amount of safranal is from 20 mg/day per kg body weight to 50 mg/day per kg body weight of the subject.
4. The method of claim 1 , where the amount of safranal is from 25 mg/day per kg body weight to 45 mg/day per kg body weight of the subject.
5. A method of reducing carcinogenesis of a liver cancer in a human or animal subject, comprising:
monitoring the level of a liver cancer marker, and
administering an amount of safranal to the human or animal subject, where said amount is effective to maintain a normal level of the liver cancer marker,
wherein the human or animal subject suffers from a liver condition conducive to liver cancer,
wherein the amount of safranal is from 15 mg/day per kg body weight to 60 mg/day per kg body weight of the subject, and
wherein the liver cancer marker is an oxidative stress marker selected from the group consisting of: malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), serum protein carbonyl (P.carbonyl), and combinations thereof, or the liver cancer marker is an inflammation marker selected from the group consisting of: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), i-nitrous oxide synthase (iNOS), and combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 5 , where the liver condition is selected from the group consisting of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cirrhosis, non-alcohol fatty liver disease, iron overload, and exposure to environmental carcinogens.
7. The method of claim 5 , where the amount of safranal is from 20 mg/day per kg body weight to 50 mg/day per kg body weight of the subject.
8. The method of claim 5 , where the amount of safranal is from 25 mg/day per kg body weight to 45 mg/day per kg body weight of the subject.
9. A method of reducing carcinogenesis of a liver cancer in a human or animal subject, the cancer resulting from exposure to a carcinogenic agent, the method comprising administering to the human or animal subject an amount of safranal,
wherein the amount of safranal is from 15 mg/day per kg body weight to 60 mg/day per kg body weight of the subject.
10. The method of claim 9 , where the carcinogenic agent is selected from the group consisting of a chemical agent, a pharmaceutical agent, a form of radiation, and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 9 , where the amount of safranal is from 20 mg/day per kg body weight to 50 mg/day per kg body weight of the subject.