Inhibitors of mitochondrial fission and methods of use thereof
The present disclosure provides peptides and constructs that inhibit mitochondrial fission, and compositions comprising the peptides or constructs. The present disclosure provides methods of reducing abnormal mitochondrial fission in a cell. Also provided are methods for designing and validating mitochondrial fission inhibitor constructs and peptides, including but not limited to, evaluating the effects of the constructs and peptides on binding of dynamin-1-related protein (Drp1) GTPase activity, Drp1 to mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1), reduction of mitochondrial damage, reduction in cell death, inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation in a cell under pathological conditions, and reduced loss of neurites in primary dopaminergic neurons in a Parkinsonism cell culture.
1. A method for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising:
(a) a therapeutically effective amount of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequences:
(i) YGRKKRRQRRR (SEQ ID NO:31),
(ii) GG, and
(iii) DLLPRGS (SEQ ID NO:12)
attached in the order (i), (ii), and (iii) from amino terminus to carboxyl terminus of the peptide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and
(b) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carboxyl terminus of the peptide is chemically modified by amidation.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peptide is in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is an acid addition salt or a base addition salt.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the acid addition salt is hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphorate, acetate, propionate, glycolate, pyruvate, oxalate, malate, malonate, succinate, maleate, fumarate, tartarate, citrate, benzoate, cinnamate, mandelate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, or salicylate.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the base addition salt is formed by the addition of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, lithium, aluminum, zinc, ammonium, ethylenediamine, arginine, or piperazine.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the acid addition salt is acetate.
8. A method for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising:
(a) a therapeutically effective amount of a peptide consisting of
(i) YGRKKRRQRRR (SEQ ID NO:31),
(ii) GG, and
(iii) DLLPRGS (SEQ ID NO:12)
attached in the order (i), (ii), and (iii) from amino terminus to carboxyl terminus of the peptide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and
(b) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the carboxyl terminus of the peptide is chemically modified by amidation.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the peptide is in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is an acid addition salt or a base addition salt.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the acid addition salt is acetate.
13. A method for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising:
(a) a mitochondrial fission inhibitor peptide construct that is no more than 62 amino acids in length, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said construct comprising:
(i) a mitochondrial fission inhibitor peptide consisting of 7, 8 or 9 amino acids, wherein the inhibitor peptide comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:12 having none, one, two or three conservative amino acid substitutions; and
(ii) a carrier peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:31-45, and
(b) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the one, two or three amino acid substitutions are selected from the following:
the aspartic acid at position 1 of SEQ ID NO:12 is substituted by glutamic acid,
the leucine at position 2 of SEQ ID NO:12 is substituted by isoleucine, methionine, valine, or phenylalanine,
the leucine at position 3 of SEQ ID NO:12 is substituted by isoleucine, methionine, or phenylalanine,
the arginine at position 5 of SEQ ID NO:12 is substituted by lysine,
the glycine at position 6 of SEQ ID NO:12 is substituted by alanine, threonine or serine, and
the serine at position 7 of SEQ ID NO:12 is substituted by glycine, alanine or threonine.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inhibitor peptide construct further comprises a linker, wherein the linker is positioned between the fission inhibitor peptide and the carrier peptide, and wherein the linker is selected from the group consisting of G, GG, GGG and GGGG (SEQ ID NO:62).
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inhibitor peptide construct is linear.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inhibitor peptide construct is cyclic.
18. A method for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising:
(a) a mitochondrial fission inhibitor peptide construct that is no more than 62 amino acids in length, said construct comprising:
(i) a mitochondrial fission inhibitor peptide consisting of 7, 8 or 9 amino acids, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the inhibitor peptide has at least 80% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13 (DLLPRGT), and wherein the inhibitor peptide inhibits a guanosine triphosphate phosphatase (GTPase) activity of Dynamin 1-like protein (Drp1) (SEQ ID NO:1), and
(ii) a carrier peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:31-45, and
(b) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the carrier peptide is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32 and SEQ ID NO:33.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the mitochondrial fission inhibitor peptide construct is a linear construct that further comprises a linker positioned between the fission inhibitor peptide and the carrier peptide, and wherein the linker is selected from the group consisting of G, GG, GGG and GGGG (SEQ ID NO:62).
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the fission inhibitor peptide consists of SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13.