Magnetic material, permanent magnet, rotary electrical machine, and vehicle

1. A magnetic material expressed by

a composition formula 1: (R 1-x Z x ) a M b T c

where R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of rare-earth elements, Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Zr, and Hf, M is Fe or Fe and Co, T is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W, x is a number satisfying 0.01≤x≤0.8, a is a number satisfying 4≤a≤20 atomic percent, b is a number satisfying b=(100−a−c) atomic percent, and c is a number satisfying 0<c<7 atomic percent,

the magnetic material comprising

a main phase having a ThMn 12 crystal structure,

wherein in the ThMn 12 crystal structure, when an amount of the element Z occupying 2a site is Z 2a atomic percent, an amount of the element Z occupying 8i site is Z 8i atomic percent, an amount of the element Z occupying 8j site is Z 8i atomic percent, and an amount of the element Z occupying 8f site is Z 8f atomic percent, Z 2a , Z 8i , Z 8j , and Z 8f satisfy

(Z 8i +Z 8j +Z 8f )/(Z 2a +Z 8i +Z 8j +Z 8f )<0.09.

2. The magnetic material according to claim 1 ,

wherein Z 8i , Z 8j , and Z 8f satisfy Z 8f >Z 8j and Z 8f >Z 8i .

3. The magnetic material according to claim 1 ,

wherein 50 atomic percent or more of the element T is Ti or Nb.

4. The magnetic material according to claim 1 ,

wherein 20 atomic percent or less of the element M is replaced with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Ga.

5. The magnetic material according to claim 1 ,

wherein M in the composition formula 1 is represented by Fe 1-y Co y , where y satisfies 0.01≤y≤0.3.

6. A permanent magnet, comprising the magnetic material according to claim 1 .

7. A permanent magnet, comprising a sintered body of the magnetic material according to claim 1 .

8. A rotary electrical machine, comprising:

a stator; and

a rotor,

wherein the stator or the rotor has the permanent magnet according to claim 7 .

9. The rotary electrical machine according to claim 8 ,

wherein the rotor is connected to a turbine via a shaft.

10. A vehicle comprising the rotary electrical machine according to claim 8 .

11. The vehicle according to claim 10 ,

wherein the rotor is connected to a shaft, and

rotation is transmitted to the shaft.

12. The magnetic material according to claim 1 ,

wherein x is a number satisfying 0.23<x<0.8.

13. The magnetic material according to claim 1 ,

wherein Z is Y and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr and Hf.

14. A magnetic material expressed by

a composition formula 2: (R 1-x Z x-s ) a M b T c Z sa

where R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of rare-earth elements, Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Zr, and Hf, M is Fe or Fe and Co, T is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W, x is a number satisfying 0.01≤x≤0.8, a is a number satisfying 4≤a≤20 atomic percent, b is a number satisfying b=(100−a−c) atomic percent, c is a number satisfying 0<c<7 atomic percent, and s is a number satisfying b+c+sa=12a,

the magnetic material comprising:

a main phase having a ThMn 12 crystal structure,

wherein a ratio of s to x is less than 0.09.

15. The magnetic material according to claim 14 ,

wherein 50 atomic percent or more of the element T is Ti or Nb.

16. The magnetic material according to claim 14 ,

wherein 20 atomic percent or less of the element M is replaced with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Ga.

17. The magnetic material according to claim 14 ,

wherein M in the composition formula 2 is represented by Fe 1-y Co y , where y satisfies 0.01≤y≤0.3.

18. The magnetic material according to claim 14 ,

wherein x is a number satisfying 0.23<x<0.8.

19. The magnetic material according to claim 14 ,

wherein Z is Y and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr and Hf.