Microfluidic device for the digestion of tissues into cellular suspensions
A microfluidic device uses hydrodynamic shear forces on a sample to improve the speed and efficiency of tissue digestion is disclosed. The microfluidic channels are designed to apply hydrodynamic shear forces at discrete locations on tissue specimens up to 1 cm in length and 1 mm in diameter, thereby accelerating digestion through hydrodynamic shear forces and improved enzyme-tissue contact. Experiments using animal organs show that the digestion device with hydro-mincing capabilities is superior to conventional scalpel mincing and digestion based on recovery of DNA and viable single cells. The microfluidic digestion device can eliminate or reduce the need to mince tissue samples with a scalpel, while reducing sample processing time and preserving cell viability. Another advantage is that downstream microfluidic operations could be integrated to enable advanced cell processing and analysis capabilities. The device may be used in research and clinical settings to promote single cell-based analysis technologies, as well as to isolate primary, progenitor, and stem cells for use in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
1. A microfluidic device for the processing of a tissue sample into cellular suspensions comprising:
a substrate or chip having formed therein an inlet, an outlet, and a sample chamber dimensioned to hold the tissue sample, the sample chamber fluidically coupled at one side to a plurality of upstream hydro-mincing microfluidic channels disposed in the substrate or chip having a width greater than 50 μm to about 1 mm and further fluidically coupled to the inlet and coupled at another side of the sample chamber to a plurality of downstream sieve microfluidic channels disposed in the substrate or chip having a width with the range of about 100 μm to about 1 mm and further fluidically coupled to the outlet.
2. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , wherein the wherein the width of the sample chamber is within the range of about 0.5 mm and 10 mm, the length of the sample chamber is less than 2 cm, and the height of the sample chamber is less than 1 cm.
3. The microfluidic device of claim 2 , wherein the width of the sample chamber is 2.0 mm or less, the length of the sample chamber is 2 cm or less, and the height of the sample chamber is less than 2 mm.
4. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , wherein the sample chamber is closed to an external environment by a removable plug.
5. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , wherein the sample chamber comprises a septum located on a side of the substrate or chip.
6. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , wherein the upstream hydro-mincing microfluidic channels have a width with the range of about 100 μm to about 200 μm.
7. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , wherein the downstream sieve microfluidic channels have a width within the range of about 500 μm to about 1 mm.
8. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , wherein the number of sieve microfluidic channels is greater than the number of upstream hydro-mincing microfluidic channels.
9. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , further comprising a pump configured to pump a fluid containing a digestive enzyme into the inlet.
10. The microfluidic device of claim 9 , wherein the fluid comprises recirculated fluid obtained from the microfluidic device.
11. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of valves located within the plurality of hydro-mincing microfluidic channels, the valves configured to turn on/off individual hydro-mincing microfluidic channels.
12. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , further comprising a secondary tissue dissociation device coupled to an outlet of the microfluidic device.
13. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , further comprising a loading port connected to the sample chamber by a via.
14. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate or chip comprises multiple layers sandwiched together.
15. The microfluidic device of claim 14 , wherein the sample chamber is disposed in one layer and an inlet channel and an outlet channel that are fluidically coupled to the sample chamber are each located in a separate layer.
16. The microfluidic device of claim 14 , wherein the sample chamber is disposed in a surface layer and further comprises a cap or lid for sealing the sample chamber from an external environment of the microfluidic device.
17. A method of processing tissue in a microfluidic device comprising substrate or chip having formed therein an inlet, an outlet, and a sample chamber dimensioned to hold the tissue sample, the sample chamber fluidically coupled at one side to a plurality of upstream hydro-mincing microfluidic channels disposed in the substrate or chip and further fluidically coupled to the inlet and coupled at another side of the sample chamber to a plurality of downstream sieve microfluidic channels disposed in the substrate or chip and further fluidically coupled to the outlet, the method comprising:
placing the tissue within the sample chamber; and
flowing a fluid containing a digestive enzyme into the inlet.
18. The method of processing tissue according to claim 17 , further comprising capturing fluid exiting the outlet and recirculating the captured fluid into the inlet.