Machine and method for powder-based additive manufacturing
A machine for additive manufacturing of components by sintering powder includes a framework, a working zone, at least two beam emission and control modules, and at least two actuators. Each module, which is structured to emit an energy beam and to control the energy beam, is mounted inside the framework and is provided with an emission source and an optical system for focusing the energy beam emitted from the source. Each module acts on the working zone to manufacture a same component. Each optical system is axially movable in translation with respect to the framework. The actuators are associated with the optical systems, respectively, and are arranged to adjust axial positions of the optical systems with respect to the working zone, the axial positions being adjustable independently of each other.
1. A machine for additive manufacturing of components by sintering or melting powder, the machine comprising:
a framework;
a working zone;
a build platform associated with the working zone mounted so as to slide along a vertical axis with respect to the framework;
beam emission and control modules mounted inside the framework, each of the modules being structured to emit an energy beam and to control the energy beam, each of the modules including:
an emission source structured to emit the energy beam, and
an optical focusing system structured to focus the energy beam emitted by the emission source;
actuators, each of the actuators being associated with one of the beam emission and control modules, each of the actuators being structured to adjust a vertical axial position of the optical focusing system of the corresponding module with respect to the working zone, the vertical axial positions of the optical focusing system being adjusted by the actuators independently of one another,
adjustment devices, each of the adjustment devices being associated with one of the beam emission and control modules, each of the adjustment devices being structured to adjust an angular orientation of an optical axis of the optical focusing system of the corresponding module with respect to the working zone such that the optical axis extends parallel to the vertical axis of translation of the build platform,
wherein each of the modules acts on the working zone in order to manufacture a same component, and
wherein each of the optical focusing systems is structured to move axially in translation along the vertical axis of translation with respect to the framework and the build platform.
2. The machine according to claim 1 , wherein each of the modules includes a casing structured to support the emission source and the optical focusing system corresponding to the module.
3. The machine according to claim 2 , wherein each of the casings is axially movable in translation with respect to the framework via action of a corresponding one of the actuators.
4. The machine according to claim 1 , wherein
each of the actuators includes a linearly movable control member, and
the framework includes a guide portion structured to guide each of the control members.
5. The machine according to claim 4 , further comprising an adjustor structured to adjust an angular orientation of guide axes of the guide portion with respect to the working zone.
6. The machine according to claim 5 ,
wherein the framework includes:
a frame bounding the working zone, and
a box supporting the modules, the actuators, and the guide portion, and
wherein the adjustor is interposed between the frame and the box.
7. The machine according to claim 5 , wherein each of the adjustment devices includes:
a body,
a slide movably mounted in the body,
an adjustment member structured to adjust a position of the slide in the body, and
an actuating bushing mounted on the body and structured to cooperate with the slide so that, under an effect of a movement of the slide, the bushing moves in translation in a transverse direction with respect to a direction of movement of the slide.
8. The machine according to claim 1 , further comprising support bases structured to support the modules,
wherein each of the support bases supports a corresponding one of the modules and is connected to the actuator associated with the corresponding one of the modules, and
wherein each of the adjustment devices is interposed between a corresponding one of the support bases and the module associated with the corresponding one of the support bases.
9. The machine according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a second working zone separate from the working zone; and
second beam emission and control modules separate from the modules, the second modules being structured to emit a second energy beam and to control the second energy beam with respect to the second working zone.
10. The machine according to claim 9 , further comprising a layering device common to the working zone and the second working zone.
11. The machine according to claim 1 , wherein each of the actuators includes an electric motor associated with a screw-nut system or an actuating cylinder.
12. A process using the machine of claim 1 for additive manufacturing components by sintering or melting powder, the process comprising steps of:
depositing a layer of powder on the working zone;
melting, at least partially, the layer deposited on the working zone in a pattern corresponding to a section of the component using at least two beam emission and control modules, each comprising the emission source, to emit the energy beam and the optical focusing system, each optical focusing system being associated with a respective one of the energy beams;
repeating the depositing step and the melting step to produce stacked layers, the component being formed from the stacked layers;
at least one of before and during the melting step, adjusting the vertical axial positions of the optical focusing systems with respect to the working zone, the axial vertical positions being adjusted independently of one another in order to alter a size of each energy beam projected onto the working zone.
13. The process according to claim 12 , wherein, in the adjusting step, angular orientations of the focusing systems are adjusted with respect to the working zone, the angular orientations being adjusted independently of one another before the melting step.