Gene expression-based biomarker for the detection and monitoring of bronchial premalignant lesions
Disclosed herein are assays and methods for the identification of premalignant lesions, as well as methods of determining the likelihood that such premalignant lesions will progress to lung cancer. Also disclosed are methods and assays that are useful for monitoring the progression of premalignant lesions to lung cancer. The assays and methods disclosed herein provide minimally invasive means of accurately detecting and monitoring the presence or absence of premalignant lesions, thus providing novel insights into the earliest stages of lung cancer and facilitating early detection and early intervention.
1. A method of processing a sample from a subject suspected of having a premalignant bronchial lesion comprising the steps of: (a) providing a biological sample from the mouth or nose of the subject or from a brushing of the bronchi walls of the subject; and (b) measuring the expression of five or more genes in the sample by northern-blot hybridization, a ribonuclease protection assay, or a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, wherein the five or more genes comprise ZXDC, ESR1, MYH3, RBM19, and TIMM23.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the five or more genes further comprise at least one gene selected from AFG3L1P, TTC31, CSAD, SZT2, C15orf63, PPP1R3E, CRIPAK, FAM219A, NXF1, NISCH, ECHDC2, SRRM2, EZH1, PION, KIAA0907, SESN2, SUGP2, RBM33, TTLL3, SRCAP, ZFYVE26, IKBKB, ANKRD11, MLLT11, AVIL, ZNF445, SRGAP2, SH3BP2, DDX39B, ZNF473, DDX54, FAM65C, DDX17, CCDCl93, BAZ2A, TJAP1, MCM3AP-AS1, PNN, ZNF160, LY6G5B, SGSH, KCNC3, MAU2, C5orf45, CAPRIN2, SAFB2, MED12, PPP1R12B, ZNF767, TP73-AS1, ACIN1, SIN3B, MOV10, STX16, MYO9B, NPIPL3, ATAT1, HNRNPH1, RUSC2, SLC22A5, TMEM198B, EWSR1, SPEN, MDC1, BCL9L, TMEM131, NFRKB, ASXL1, PHKA2, TRIM66, GTPBP1, SLC12A9, PXK, ELMOD3, TNRC6A, C1orf63, DNAH1, MYBBP1A, SFSWAP, CNNM3, SEPT7P2, FKBP15, WDR37, TSC1, JMJD7-PLA2G4B, MKNK1, ZNF142, LENG8, GGA1, GIT2, SF1, MED15, ZNF37BP, CTC1, KANSL3, PPRC1, PAPD7, INTS3, DCAF5, SRSF5, SLC2A11, TAZ, RALGPS1, DICER1-AS1, C14orf159, LRP5L, JRK, PASK, KCTD7, KIAA0182, ZBTB40, GON4L, ZNF337, POGZ, C12orf51, ALS2CL, GIGYF1, ARAP3, SLC25A45, PDE7A, IL6R, FAM178A, CATSPER2, C1orf132, TBC1D2B, CDAN1, ZNF646, TRPV1, ATXN2L, ZNF335, VPS39, AGK, DGCR8, PHF12, GRIPAP1, ATXN2, CAD, UBE2G2, KDM2A, C22orf29, PHF21A, FMNL2, CUL9, CAMTA2, TPT1-AS1, CDCl42SE1, CHD8, AP1G2, PLXNA3, ZNF251, PNISR, FAM53C, GGT7, STAT6, BRD4, CREBBP, RG9MTD3, MYO18A, NAPB, SEMA6A, NUMA1, TRMU, CEP164, DOT1L, FLNB-AS1, ZNF692, HEATR8, PRR14, ZNF580, RPS8, EAPP, RPS7P11, UBE2N, RPL12P4, DPCD, NPM1, RPLP2, MRPL22, GTF2H5, HBXIP, C2orf76, NDUFS5, ATP6V1D, RPL8, COX6A1, CCDCl56, RPL13AP5, ATP6V1E1, RPL39P3, ZNF32, DAD1, RPL32, RPL37A, PEX2, CD9, RPS2, PPIAP22, CDC123, JTB, CONY, UCHL3, UQCRFS1, RPL38, RPS6, UQCRQ, GOLPH3L, OST4, NME5, C6orf108, MRPL54, RPL10AP2, COX4I1, COX5A, CCDCl72, COX14, COPS4, EI24, UQCRH, NDUFA1, RPL29, RPL4, OCIAD2, SEPW1, ATP5I, SNRPD2, MOSPD1, NDUFC2, MRPL36, RPL10A, MCTS1, FAM3D, C19orf43, TPI1, TMEM230, MRPL23, NDUFA8, COX5B, HIGD2A, TSEN34, C15orf48, GTF2A2, APOO, C17orf61, ENSG00000167524, ENSG00000229180, ENSG00000182873, ENSG00000247484, ENSG00000257479, ENSG00000205047, ENSG00000255847, ENSG00000245149, ENSG00000253200, ENSG00000215769, ENSG00000225828, ENSG00000224660, ENSG00000205885, ENSG00000235027, ENSG00000205890, ENSG00000249093, ENSG00000215039, ENSG00000258461, ENSG00000234290, ENSG00000238105, ENSG00000230124, ENSG00000184551, ENSG00000228544, ENSG00000258727, ENSG00000218418, ENSG00000247743, ENSG00000235297, ENSG00000186198, ENSG00000185641, ENSG00000236801, ENSG00000244398, and ENSG00000232856.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the five or more genes comprise cDNA.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the expression of five or more genes in the sample is measured by an RT-PCR method.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is obtained from the mouth of the subject.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has a positive result in an imaging study of a premalignant bronchial lesion.