Curable antifouling composition, method of use, and articles
Curable antifouling compositions include fluorinated polymers that contain a perfluoropolyether group, a poly(alkyleneoxide) group, a hydrolyzable silane group and a cationic curative. The curable antifouling compositions can be applied on a surface of a substrate, and at least partially cured to provide an article with antifouling properties.
1. A curable antifouling composition comprising components:
a) at least one fluorinated polymer, wherein each said at least one fluorinated polymer independently comprises:
at least one divalent group A represented by the formula
wherein R 1 independently represents H or methyl, X independently represents a covalent bond or a divalent organic linking group, L 1 independently represents a covalent bond or a divalent organic linking group, and R fl independently represents a monovalent perfluorinated organic group;
at least one divalent group B represented by the formula
wherein L 2 independently represents a covalent bond or divalent organic linking group, k represents an integer in the range of from 1 to 4, R 2 independently represents H or an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and f independently represents an integer in the range of from 3 to 200, inclusive;
at least one divalent group C represented by the formula
wherein L 3 independently represents a covalent bond or a divalent organic linking group, and each Y 1 , Y 2 , and Y 3 independently represents a hydrolyzable group or a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least one of Y 1 , Y 2 , and Y 3 is a hydrolyzable group; and
b) cationic curative.
2. A curable antifouling composition according to claim 1 , wherein said cationic curative comprises a photoacid generator.
3. A curable antifouling composition according to claim 1 , wherein the curable antifouling composition further comprises:
c) an epoxysilane compound.
4. A curable antifouling composition according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated polymer has an average molecular weight in a range of from 2000 grams/mole to 30,000 grams/mole.
5. A curable antifouling composition according to claim 1 , wherein f is in a range of from 5 to 100.
6. A curable antifouling composition according to claim 1 , wherein components a) and b) are present in a weight ratio of from 95:5 to 99.5:0.5.
7. A curable antifouling composition according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of said at least one group A to the sum of said at least one group B and said at least one C is in a range of from 60:40 to 5:95.
8. A curable antifouling composition according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of said at least one group B to said at least one group C is in a range of from 1:99 to 90:10.
9. An article comprising a substrate having a surface, wherein at least a portion of the surface has an antifouling coating thereon, wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of marine vessel hulls, anchors, piers, docks, caissons, invasive medical devices, non-invasive medical devices, handrails, door knobs, countertops, membrane support frames, heat exchangers, microelectrochemical drug delivery devices, papermaking machines, tanks for holding liquid, water pipes, plumbing fixtures, and mariculture apparatuses, wherein the antifouling coating comprises an at least partially cured curable antifouling composition, and wherein the curable antifouling composition comprises components:
a) at least one fluorinated polymer, wherein each said at least one fluorinated polymer independently comprises:
at least one divalent group A represented by the formula
wherein R 1 independently represents H or methyl, X independently represents a covalent bond or a divalent organic linking group, L 1 independently represents a covalent bond or a divalent organic linking group, and R fl independently represents a monovalent perfluorinated organic group;
at least one divalent group B represented by the formula
wherein L 2 independently represents a covalent bond or divalent organic linking group, k represents an integer in the range of from 1 to 4, R 2 independently represents H of an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and f independently represents an integer in the range of from 3 to 200, inclusive;
at least one divalent group C represented by the formula
wherein L 3 independently represents a covalent bond or a divalent organic linking group, and wherein each Y 1 , Y 2 , and Y 3 independently represents a hydrolyzable group or an alkyl group having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least one of Y 1 , Y 2 , and Y 3 is a hydrolyzable group; and
b) cationic curative.
10. An article according to claim 9 , wherein said cationic curative comprises a photoacid generator.
11. An article according to claim 9 , wherein f is in a range of from 5 to 68.
12. An article according to claim 9 , wherein the curable antifouling composition further comprises:
c) an epoxysilane compound.
13. An article according to claim 9 , wherein the weight ratio of said at least one group A to the sum of said at least one group B and said at least one C is in a range of from 60:40 to 5:95.
14. An article according to claim 9 , wherein the weight ratio of said at least one group B to said at least one group C is in a range of from 1:99 to 90:10.
15. An article according to claim 9 , wherein the substrate is a water pipe, and wherein the surface is an inner surface.