Microfluidic assay for rapid optimization of cell electroporation
An electroporation device with a volume of varying cross sectional area that as a fast assay device for determining the optimal conditions for plasma membrane electroporation.
1. An apparatus for cell electroporation, the apparatus comprising:
a structure comprising a constriction region having a volume defining a cross-sectional area that constricts with a curved geometry, wherein the constriction region is at least 2 mm long, wherein the structure is configured to contain cells having a plasma membrane and background media, the background media including an exogenous agent capable of translocating across a plasma membrane in an electroporated state; and
an arrangement of electrodes arranged relative to the structure to produce levels of an electromagnetic field, at least one of the levels sufficient to electroporate at least a subset of the plasma membranes in at least a portion of the volume, the exogenous agent responsively translocating across at least some of the subset of the plasma membranes in the electroporated state into cells.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the volume is symmetric about a central axis.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the curved geometry results in a linear electromagnetic field gradient within the volume.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are configured to produce an electromagnetic field having a magnitude of at least about 0.5 kV/cm.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are configured to produce an electromagnetic field having a magnitude of about 18 kV/cm and a pulse duration of about 1.0 ms.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are configured to produce an electromagnetic field having a magnitude of about 1.0 kV/cm and a pulse duration of about 10 ms.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the volume is a flow path configured to contain cells travelling at a flow rate and the electrodes are configured to produce an electromagnetic field having a magnitude of at least about 1.0 kV/cm for a flow rate of about 5.0 μL/min to about 100 μL/min.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the curved geometry results in a non-linear electromagnetic field gradient within the volume.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the arrangement of electrodes includes at least one electrode positioned at an inlet port of the volume and at least another electrode positioned at an outlet port of the volume.